扬州地区危重新生儿救治中心建设及早产儿救治现状调查

A Survey on the Development of Neonatal Critical Care Centers and Preterm Infant Treatment Practices in Yangzhou

摘要: 目的：提升扬州地区新生儿科医疗水平，推动完善扬州地区危重新生儿救治中心规范化建设。方法：采用问卷方式调查扬州地区11家医院新生儿病房的管理情况、设备、技术、2022~2024年早产儿救治现状。结果：设备配置：11家医院简易复苏囊、暖箱及辐射台等基础配置率高，非省市级救治中心在有创呼吸机、高频呼吸机、转运暖箱等配置率不高于50%，其中，双层暖箱、空氧混合仪、有创呼吸机、床边超声诊断仪、转运暖箱、高频呼吸机配置具有统计学差异(P < 0.05)；人力资源：11家医院共计43名新生儿科医生，非省市级救治中心高层次学历人才、年轻人才占比小，三类医院学历构成具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；技术项目：大部分医院可开展蓝光治疗、普通氧疗、新生儿复苏，转运、有创通气、PS使用、胸腔闭式引流、脑功能监测、脐血管置管、NO吸入治疗、亚低温治疗、换血治疗开展情况差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；2022~2024早产儿救治情况：三年共计救治2562名早产儿，救治集中在省市级救治中心，省市级救治中心平均住院日、次均住院费用高于非省市级救治中心。结论：扬州地区各级医院在资源配置、人才构成、技术开展存在差异，危重新生儿救治集中省市级救治中心，为促进区域性新生儿救治网络建设，应当合理资源配置，优化人才战略，推动优质资源帮扶，提升救治能力。

Abstract: Objective: To enhance the medical service quality of neonatal healthcare in Yangzhou region and promote the standardized development of critical neonatal care centers. Methods: This study con-ducted a questionnaire-based survey of 11 hospital neonatal wards in Yangzhou region, focusing on their management status, equipment configuration, medical technologies, and neonatal admission status during 2022~2024. Results: Equipment configuration: Basic devices (manual resuscitation bags, incubators, radiant warmers) demonstrated high availability across all hospitals. Non-provincial/municipal centers showed lower allocation rates of invasive ventilators high-frequency ventilators and, transport incubators, and other equipment (<50%). Among these, the allocation rates of double-layer incubators, air-oxygen mixers, invasive ventilators, bedside ultrasound diagnostic devices, transport incubators, and high-frequency ventilators showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Human resources: The 11 hospitals employed 43 neonatologists. Non-provincial/municipal treatment centers have a lower proportion of highly educated personnel and young professionals. The educational composition showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Clinical competencies: Most hospitals performed core interventions (phototherapy, conventional oxygen therapy, neonatal resuscitation). Statistically significant disparities were observed in: neonatal transport, invasive ventilation, PS administration, closed thoracic drainage, cerebral function monitoring, umbilical vessel catheterization, NO inhalation therapy, therapeutic hypothermia, and exchange transfusion (P < 0.05). 2022~2024 Premature Infant Care Status: a total of 2562 premature infants were treated, with care predominantly concentrated in provincial/municipal treatment centers. The average length of stay and per capita hospitalization costs in provincial/municipal treatment centers were higher than those in non-provincial/municipal treatment centers. Conclusion: There are some variations such as resource allocation, workforce composition, and technological capabilities among different levels hospitals in Yangzhou region. Critical neonatal care services are predominantly centralized in provincial/municipal critical care centers. To advance the development of a regional neonatal care network, it is imperative to rationally allocate resources, optimize workforce strategies, promote high-quality resource assistance, and enhance overall treatment capacities.