船舶优先权担保的海事请求项目优先顺位研究

Research on the Priority Order of Maritime Claims Secured by Maritime Liens

摘要: 船舶优先权作为一种法定担保物权，其所担保的海事请求项目种类和内容均有法律做出规定，船舶优先权项目的设定对于其所担保的海事请求权人实现自己的债权具有重要意义，我国海商法所规定的船舶优先权项目存在冲突，这样会导致在实践中债权清偿时发生冲突，因此有必要对相关项目的受偿顺位进行明确。船舶优先权的内部受偿项目主要包括两大方面：一是船舶优先权所担保的海事请求之间的优先性问题，二是船舶优先权与实现船舶优先权的费用二者之间的优先性问题。

Abstract: Maritime lien, as a statutory security interest, has its types and contents of secured maritime claims stipulated by law. The establishment of maritime lien items is of great significance for the realization of creditors’ rights by the claimants it secures. However, there are conflicts in the maritime lien provisions under China’s maritime code, which may lead to disputes in the repayment of claims in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the priority order of the relevant claims. The internal repayment items of maritime liens mainly include two aspects: first, the priority issue among maritime claims secured by maritime liens, and second, the priority issue between maritime liens and the costs incurred in enforcing maritime liens.