玉溪市红塔区公共服务设施空间布局及影响因素分析

Analysis on Spatial Layout and Influencing Factors of Public Service Facilities in Hongta District, Yuxi City

摘要: 以人为本的新型城市化强调以居民需求为核心，致力于提升城市发展质量，推动公共服务均等化，实现城市与人的和谐共生。本文基于红塔区2022年的19,953条公共服务设施POI数据，研究了玉溪市红塔区公共服务设施的空间布局特征及其影响因素。研究运用核密度估计法、累计机会可达性法和地理探测器模型，分析了红塔区公共服务设施的数量、空间分布、可达性及其与人口规模、交通通达性、地形、经济发展水平之间的关系。研究发现：(1) 红塔区公共服务设施空间分布不均衡，呈现“核心–外围–边缘”的空间格局，城市坝区的玉兴街道、玉带街道和凤凰街道构成了公共服务设施的高密度集聚“核心”，而地势较高的洛河乡和小石桥乡则成为设施分布的“边缘”地带，设施分布相对稀疏，这种分布模式与人口密度及交通路网的空间格局高度一致；(2) 不同类型设施的供给存在差异，社会保障与就业类设施供给不足，全区总计仅有42个，远低于其他类型设施的数量；(3) 社会保障与就业类设施难以被居民访问，可达性指数仅为2.44%，基础设施类可达性指数相对较高，但仍有87.46%的研究单元面临不可达的困境，公共服务设施的整体通达性水平尚待提升；(4) 交通通达性和人口规模是影响公共服务设施空间布局的主要因素，经济发展水平次之，地形因子的影响相对较小。

Abstract: The new people-oriented urbanization model prioritizes residents’ needs as its cornerstone, aiming to enhance urban development quality, promote equitable public services, and achieve harmonious coexistence between cities and inhabitants. This study investigates the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of public service facilities in Hongta District, Yuxi City, utilizing 19,953 POI data points from 2022. Through kernel density estimation, cumulative opportunity accessibility analysis, and geographic detector modeling, we examined the facilities’ quantity, spatial arrangement, accessibility, and their relationships with population size, transportation connectivity, terrain, and economic development. Key findings reveal: (1) The spatial distribution of public service facilities in Hongta District is unbalanced, presenting a “core-periphery-edge” spatial pattern. The urban basin areas of Yuxing Subdistrict, Yudai Subdistrict, and Fenghuang Subdistrict form the high-density agglomeration “core” of public service facilities, while the higher-elevation Luohexiang and Xiaoshiqiaoxiang become the “edge” areas with relatively sparse facility distribution. This distribution pattern is highly consistent with the spatial patterns of population density and transportation networks; (2) There are differences in the supply of different types of facilities. The supply of social security and employment facilities is insufficient, with a total of only 42 in the whole district, far lower than the number of other types of facilities; (3) Social security and employment facilities are difficult for residents to access, with an accessibility index of only 2.44%. The accessibility index of infrastructure is relatively high, but still 87.46% of the study units face the dilemma of inaccessibility. The overall accessibility level of public service facilities needs to be improved; (4) Transportation accessibility and population size are the main factors affecting the spatial layout of public service facilities, followed by the level of economic development, and the impact of topographic factors is relatively small.