某园区多年污水处理系统进出水环境质量分析

Analysis of the Water Environment Quality of the Inlet and Outlet of the Sewage Treatment System in a Certain Park over the Years

摘要: 污水处理厂的进水量和浓度变化与污水处理效率紧密相关。本文以某园区的污水处理项目为例，对2019年至2024年的进水水量以及进出水浓度进行监测分析，探讨城镇污水处理厂进水量少、进水浓度低，造成运行效率不高的问题。研究结果显示，污水处理厂设计处理污水1.5万吨/日，但多年平均实际污水量每天才4000吨，多年日均进水COD、BOD₅、总氮、氨氮、总磷浓度分别为小于161 mg/L、57 mg/L、40 mg/L、34 mg/L、3 mg/L，远低于设计浓度要求，除总氮外，出水COD、BOD₅、氨氮、总磷浓度达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中IV类水水质。污水处理厂运行多年来，进水量呈下降趋势，进水中COD、BOD₅、总氮、氨氮、总磷浓度及污泥量均呈现增加趋势。对于进水量少、进水浓度低的问题，提出要从增加资金筹集、完善管网配套、强化项目排污管理等方面加以考虑，建议污水处理厂首先进行低污水处理量设计，然后根据实际污水量实施双轨道模式，规避进水量过低或过高所带来的影响，实现污水厂运行的高效率。

Abstract: The influent water volume and concentration changes in sewage treatment plants are closely related to the sewage treatment efficiency. Taking the sewage treatment project in a certain industrial park as an example, this article focuses on the monitors and analyzes of the influent water volume and the influent and effluent concentrations from 2019 to 2024, and discusses the problems of low influent water volume, low influent concentrations and low operation efficiency in urban sewage treatment plants. The research results show that the designed sewage treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant is 15,000 tons per day, but the actual average daily sewage volume over the years is only 4000 tons. The average daily influent concentrations of COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus over the years are 140 mg/L, less than 40 mg/L, 30 mg/L and 4 mg/L respectively, which are far lower than the design concentration requirements. Except for total nitrogen, the effluent concentrations of COD, BOD₅, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus meet the water quality requirements of Class IV in the “Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002). Over the years of operation of the sewage treatment plant, the influent water volume has shown a downward trend, while the concentrations of COD, BOD₅, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus in the influent water and the amount of sludge have all shown an upward trend. Regarding the problems of low influent water volume and low influent concentration, it is proposed to consider increasing fund-raising, improving the supporting pipe network and strengthening the pollutant discharge management of the project. It is recommended that the sewage treatment plant first design for a low sewage treatment volume, and then implement a dual-track mode according to the actual sewage volume to avoid the impacts brought by too low or too high influent water volume and achieve high efficiency in the operation of the sewage treatment plant.