肥厚型心肌病的诊断与治疗进展

Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

摘要: 肥厚型心肌病(Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HCM)是一种遗传性心肌病，以心室非对称性肥厚为解剖特点，是青少年运动猝死的最主要原因之一。近年来关于肥厚型心肌病的诊断逐渐增多，心导管检查和冠状动脉造影，心肌内膜活检，基因检测等都能对肥厚型心肌病的诊断提供帮助。其中临床最主要的诊断手段是超声心动图，心室不对称肥厚而无心室腔增大为其特征。近年来，基因检测也逐渐应用于该病的早期诊断。治疗以缓解症状和防治并发症为主，包括药物治疗和非药物治疗。

Abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary cardiomyopathy characterized by asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy. It is one of the major causes of sudden death in adolescents. In recent years, the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has gradually increased. Cardiac catheterization, coronary arteriography, endocardial biopsy, and genetic testing can all provide help for the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The most important clinical diagnostic means is echocardiography, which is characterized by asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular enlargement. In recent years, genetic testing has also been gradually applied to the early diagnosis of the disease. Treatment is mainly to relieve symptoms and prevent complications, including drug therapy and non-drug therapy.