“三权分置”背景下宅基地使用权的司法困境与优化路径

The Judicial Dilemma and Optimization Path of the Rural Residential Land Use Right under the Background of “Separation of Three Rights”

摘要: “三权分置”背景下，为充分发挥宅基地使用权的财产价值，适当“放活”宅基地使用权等相关政策陆续出台，给予司法裁判一定的法律基础。然而，由于法律并未对宅基地使用权的流转、继承等问题加以明确，导致司法裁判依据出现冲突，“类案不同判”的现象频频发生。通过追溯“三权分置”背景下宅基地使用权面临的司法困境的成因，探寻破解宅基地使用权的有效路径，明确宅基地使用权适当放活的物权法律属性，盘活利用宅基地。同时，以宅基地使用权转让和继承为切入点，深入分析宅基地使用权转让的司法裁判依据，并探索法律继承的规范路径。在“三权分置”背景下，宅基地使用权的转让合同并不当然无效，非本集体经济组织成员的继承也或许能得到法院的支持。从司法角度寻求破局之策，以期维护农民财产权益，加快“三农”工作的进程，更好地推进中国式现代化建设。

Abstract: In order to fully realize the property value of the rural residential land use right, relevant policies such as appropriately “relaxing” the rural residential land use right have been successively introduced under the background of “separation of three rights”, which provide a certain legal basis for judicial judgments. However, due to the lack of clear legal provisions regarding the transfer and inheritance of the rural residential land use right, conflicts have arisen in judicial judgments, leading to frequent occurrences of “different judgments in similar cases”. By tracing the causes of the judicial difficulties faced by the rural residential land use right under the background of “separation of three rights”, it can explore effective ways to solve the problem of the rural residential land use right, clarify the property rights legal attributes of appropriately activating the rural residential land use right and revitalize the utilization of house site. At the same time, taking the transfer and inheritance of the rural residential land use right as the starting point, we will deeply analyze the judicial judgment basis for the transfer of the rural residential land use right and explore the standardized path of legal inheritance. In the context of “separation of three rights”, the transfer contract of the rural residential land use right is not necessarily invalid. The inheritance of non-members of the collective economic organization may also be supported by the court. From the judicial point of view, we should seek solutions to break the situation in order to safeguard the property rights and interests of farmers, speed up the process of “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” work, and better promote the construction of Chinese path to modernization.