宪法视野下个人信息权的保护

Protection of the Right to Personal Information in the Constitutional Perspective

摘要: 公民的个人信息以数据的形式存在于网络空间中，并随之带来一系列问题，比如数据泄露、数据滥用更甚导致非官方平台对于数据的垄断，造成不正当竞争等。面对诸多问题，厘清这些个人数据的性质及其在宪法中基本权利的地位非常迫切。我国宪法并不存在“个人信息权”这个概念，通过对比国外对于个人数据的宪法定位，并根据我国现有的基本权利条款，将个人信息权定位为“权利束”更符合我国国情。当政府部门通过特许经营权交易将政务数据授权给第三方平台时，从被授权主体和行政机关两个角度出发对政务数据进行规制和监督以确保数据的安全、合法和有效利用。

Abstract: Citizens’ personal information exists in cyberspace in the form of data, which brings a series of problems, such as data leakage, data abuse and even the monopolization of data by unofficial platforms, resulting in unfair competition. In the face of many problems, it is very urgent to clarify the nature of these personal data and its status as a fundamental right in the Constitution. The concept of “right to personal information” does not exist in China’s Constitution. By comparing the constitutional position of personal data in foreign countries and according to the existing fundamental rights provisions in China, the right to personal information is positioned as a “bundle of rights” which is more in line with China’s national conditions. When government departments authorize government data to third-party platforms through franchise transactions, government data are regulated and supervised from the perspectives of both the subject of the authorization and the administrative agency to ensure the safe, legal and effective use of the data.