2013~2019年重庆医科大学附属口腔医院就诊患者错��畸形患病率研究

A Study on the Prevalence of Malocclusion among Patients at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2013 to 2019

摘要: 目的：对2013年至2019年在重庆医科大学附属口腔医院就诊的患者开展流行病学调查，了解错��畸形流行病学现状及分布特征，为针对性地开展干预工作提供科学依据。方法：依据纳入排除标准，回顾性收集2013年至2019年在重庆医科大学附属口腔医院就诊患者的门诊病历，以安氏分类和临床常见错��畸形作为分类依据，采用SPSS26.0软件进行统计分析。结果：共收集到33,240位患者，其中男性占50.35%，女性占49.65%。错��畸形有28,456名，总患病率为85.61%。其中男性患病率86.26%，女性患病率84.95%，男女患病率间差异有统计学意义(χ² = 11.540, P < 0.001)。汉族患病人数有23,896名，患病率85.92%，少数民族患病有4560名，患病率84.01%，不同民族之间患病率差异有统计学意义(χ² = 13.460, P < 0.001)。乳牙列和恒牙列患病率基本相当(83.21%、83.31%)，替牙列期患病率最高(87.35%)。安氏I类人数最多，有20,767名，占错��畸形总人数的72.98%；安氏II类人数最少，有3232名，占11.36%；安氏III类有4457名，占15.66%。临床常见错��畸形类型中，牙列拥挤(38.42%)和前牙反��(22.53%)最多见；其余依次为深覆��(18.60%)、下颌后缩(15.17%)、深覆盖(12.46%)、牙弓狭窄(10.93%)、牙列间隙(5.21%)、后牙反��(1.89%)、开��(1.29%)。结论：2013年~2019年重庆医科大学附属口腔医院就诊的患者错��畸形患病率达85.61%。常见错��畸形中，牙列拥挤和前牙反��患病率最高，应进行针对性干预。

Abstract: Objective: To conduct an epidemiological investigation of patients who visited the Stomatological Hospital Affiliated with Chongqing Medical University from 2013 to 2019, aiming to understand the current status and distribution characteristics of malocclusion, and to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention strategies. Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, outpatient medical records of patients who visited the hospital between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively collected. Malocclusion was classified according to Angle’s classification and clinically common types. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS26.0 software. Results: A total of 33,240 patients were included, with males accounting for 50.35% and females for 49.65%. Among them, 28,456 patients were diagnosed with malocclusion, yielding an overall prevalence rate of 85.61%. The prevalence rate was 86.26% in males and 84.95% in females, with a statistically significant difference between genders (χ² = 11.540, P < 0.001). Among ethnic groups, 23,896 Han patients had a prevalence rate of 85.92%, while 4,560 ethnic minority patients had a prevalence rate of 84.01%, showing a statistically significant difference (χ² = 13.460, P < 0.001). The prevalence rates in the primary dentition and permanent dentition were similar (83.21% and 83.31%, respectively), while the mixed dentition period had the highest prevalence rate (87.35%). Angle’s Class I malocclusion was the most common, affecting 20,767 patients (72.98% of all malocclusion cases), followed by Angle’s Class III (4,457 patients, 15.66%), and Angle’s Class II (3,232 patients, 11.36%). Among clinically common malocclusion types, dental crowding (38.42%) and anterior crossbite (22.53%) were the most prevalent, followed by deep overbite (18.60%), mandibular retrusion (15.17%), overjet (12.46%), narrow dental arch (10.93%), diastema (5.21%), posterior crossbite (1.89%), and open bite (1.29%). Conclusion: From 2013 to 2019, the prevalence of malocclusion among patients visiting the Stomatological Hospital Affiliated with Chongqing Medical University was 85.61%. Among the common types of malocclusions, dental crowding and anterior crossbite had the highest prevalence rates, indicating a need for targeted interventions.