论“四因说”和“阴阳学说”致思倾向的异同

On the Similarities and Differences in the Philosophical Thinking Tendencies of the “Four Causes Theory” and the “Yin-Yang Theory”

摘要: 要想对哲学有比较清楚地了解，就不能不重视自然哲学。在哲学的各个分支，自然哲学的结论非常倚重论证，因此具有突出的理论形态。正是自然哲学促进反思性认知向系统理论的方向发展。古希腊自然哲学集大成于亚里士多德，我国先秦自然哲学的主要成就之一则为《黄帝内经》，考察二者致思倾向的异同有利于促进当下的文化交流，提升文明互鉴的水平。古典时代的许多哲学观点和结论往往不免错误，其思想在现在看来也充满稚气，但在那种朴素里却包含着极富生机的心灵和精神的力量，包含着丰富的智慧的萌芽和源泉，总是能给我们以启示和力量。任何时代的哲学思想，从其世界观、知识论来看，都不免有一定的历史局限性，随着社会的发展都会变得陈旧，甚至逐渐显示出错误，但我们更看重的是其理论体系有没有内在的精神。如果不重视或看不到其精神、方法，难免对其予以排斥甚至否定的看法，而若能在其中看到有生命的东西则会受到启发，并能对那种认知体系作出深入分析。

Abstract: To have a relatively clear understanding of philosophy, one cannot ignore natural philosophy. In various branches of philosophy, the conclusions of natural philosophy rely heavily on argumentation and thus have a prominent theoretical form. Specifically, natural philosophy promotes the development of reflective cognition towards systematic theory. The culmination of ancient Greek natural philosophy was Aristotle, and one of the main achievements of pre-Qin Chinese natural philosophy was the “Huangdi Neijing”. Examining the similarities and differences in the thinking tendencies of the two can facilitate current cultural exchanges and enhance the level of mutual learning among civilizations. Many philosophical viewpoints and conclusions of the classical era often contain errors, and their thoughts seem naive when viewed from today’s perspective. However, in that simplicity lies the vitality of the soul and spirit, the germination and source of rich wisdom, and always provides us with enlightenment and strength. The philosophical thoughts of any era, from its worldview and epistemology, inevitably have certain historical limitations. With the development of society, they become outdated and even gradually reveal errors. However, what we value more is whether their theoretical systems have an inherent spirit. If we do not attach importance to or fail to see their spirit and methods, we are likely to reject or even negate them. But if we can see something alive in them, we will be inspired and be able to conduct in-depth analysis of that cognitive system.