电商平台的安全保障义务构成

The Composition of Security Obligations of E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 互联网技术的飞速发展推动虚拟经济活动呈指数级增长，电子商务平台作为数字经济的核心枢纽，在重塑交易模式的同时也催生出新型风险分配机制。虚拟空间的匿名性、技术依赖性与监管滞后性导致平台责任边界日趋模糊，司法实践中普遍存在责任认定主观化倾向的问题，加之现行规范对安全保障义务的构成要素、履行标准及免责事由缺乏系统性规定，加剧了责任泛化与创新抑制的悖论。在此背景下，本文旨在厘清电商平台作为“危险源开启者”的法律地位，构建科学合理的安全保障义务体系，以期为破解治理困境贡献绵薄之力。

Abstract: The rapid development of Internet technology has promoted the exponential growth of virtual economic activities. As the core hub of the digital economy, e-commerce platform has also spawned a new risk allocation mechanism while reshaping the transaction mode. The anonymity, technological dependence, and regulatory lag of virtual spaces have led to increasingly blurred boundaries of platform responsibility. In judicial practice, there is a common tendency towards subjective responsibility determination. In addition, the current norms lack systematic provisions on the constituent elements, performance standards, and exemption reasons of security obligations, exacerbating the paradox of responsibility generalization and innovation inhibition. In this context, the purpose of this article is to clarify the legal status of e-commerce platforms as “hazard initiators”, construct a scientific and reasonable system of security obligations, and contribute to solving governance difficulties.