婚姻法上“挥霍”行为之法律研究

The Legal Regulation of “Dissipation” in Matrimonial Law

摘要: 民法典婚姻编中规定了“挥霍”行为，并将其作为婚内析产和夫妻共同财产离婚分割的影响因素之一。《婚姻编司法解释二》中则以具体表现形式为内容规定了“挥霍”行为的形态。对“挥霍”行为的构成要件以及法律后果进行分析能够明确夫妻双方在婚姻存续期间对夫妻共同财产处分权的边界以及挥霍行为对夫妻财产分配的影响。婚姻法上的“挥霍”行为类似于英美法系中的“耗散”行为，指婚姻存续期间夫妻一方不当地处分夫妻共同财产，其判断标准为“支出性质 + 数额”标准，即以个人享乐为目的、超出家庭一般消费水平的行为。在婚姻法上，“挥霍”行为的法律效果为另一方得请求在婚姻关系存续期间分割夫妻共同财产，或者在离婚分割夫妻共同财产时请求对打赏一方少分或者不分。

Abstract: The Marriage and Family Section of the Civil Code introduces the concept of “dissipation” as a critical factor affecting both intra-marital division of property and the distribution of marital property upon divorce. Judicial Interpretation II on the Marriage and Family Section further delineates the specific manifestations of “dissipation” behavior. Analyzing the constituent elements and legal consequences of “dissipation” clarifies the boundaries of spouses’ rights to dispose of marital property during marriage and elucidates its impact on property allocation. In Chinese matrimonial law, “dissipation” parallels the notion of “dissipation” in common law jurisdictions, referring to the improper disposal of marital property by one spouse during the marriage. Its determination adopts a “purpose + amount” standard, referring to behavior that serves personal gratification and exceeds reasonable household expenditure levels. Legally, the aggrieved spouse may request intra-marital division of property or, in divorce proceedings, seek a reduction or denial of the dissipation spouse’s share of marital assets. This framework balances the protection of marital stability with the prevention of abusive financial conduct, reflecting evolving judicial priorities in safeguarding equitable property rights within marriage.