高中生外表焦虑的特征、影响因素与对策建议——基于问卷调查与数据分析

Appearance Anxiety among High School Students: Characteristics, Influencing Factors, and Practical Recommendations—A Questionnaire Survey and Data Analysis

摘要: 目的：了解高中生外表焦虑的现状特征，查明其形成的影响因素，并提出相应的对策建议。方法：采用社交外表焦虑量表、自尊量表、生活满意度量表、简明大五人格量表、媒体理想美内化量表等工具对高中生进行调查，获有效问卷263份。对数据进行描述性统计、t检验、方差分析、相关分析和回归分析。结果：57.03%的高中生存在不同程度的外表焦虑，中度以上占比12.93%，重度占比3.80%。自尊可负向预测外表焦虑(β = −0.348, t = −5.627, P < 0.001)；媒体理想美内化可正向预测外表焦虑(β = 0.310, t = 6.553, P < 0.001)；异性同学嘲笑可正向预测外表焦虑(β = 0.179, t = 3.026, P < 0.01)；宜人性(人格特质)可正向预测外表焦虑(β = 0.132, t = 2.803, P < 0.01)。结论：高中生外表焦虑既与个体内部因素密切相关(低自尊、高宜人性的高中生外表焦虑水平更高)，又与外部环境因素显著关联(媒体理想美内化、异性同学嘲笑对外表焦虑有显著增强效应)。据此，本文提出以下对策建议：加强对易感个体的关爱、提升高中生的自尊水平、强化媒体的正面宣传与引导作用、实施合宜的校园审美教育。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to understand the current characteristics of high school students’ appearance anxiety, identify the influencing factors contributing to its formation, and propose corresponding countermeasure suggestions. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among high school students in China using tools such as the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Mini International Personality Item Pool Scales, and the Internalization-TV/Mag Scale. A total of 263 valid questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed on the collected data. Results: 57.03% of high school students experience varying degrees of appearance anxiety, with 12.93% experiencing moderate or higher levels and 3.80% experiencing severe levels. Self-esteem negatively predicts appearance anxiety (β = −0.348, t = −5.627, P < 0.001). Internalization of media ideals of beauty positively predicts appearance anxiety (β = 0.310, t = 6.553, P < 0.001). Ridicule from opposite-sex classmates positively predicts appearance anxiety (β = 0.179, t = 3.026, P < 0.01). Personality trait of agreeableness positively predicts appearance anxiety (β = 0.132, t = 2.803, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The appearance anxiety of high school students is closely related to internal individual factors (high school students with low self-esteem and high agreeableness have higher levels of appearance anxiety) and is also significantly associated with external environmental factors (internalization of media ideals of beauty and ridicule from opposite-sex classmates have a significant enhancing effect on appearance anxiety). Accordingly, this paper proposes the following countermeasures: strengthening care for vulnerable individuals, enhancing high school students’ self-esteem, promoting the media’s positive influence and guidance, and implementing appropriate aesthetic education in schools.