领有名词提升的句法与语义限制研究

Study on Syntactic and Semantic Constraints of Possessive Noun Promotion

摘要: 本文旨在探讨现代汉语中领有名词提升为主语的限制条件，分析其句法和语义特征，揭示领有名词提升的规律。通过从句法和语义两个层面入手，结合非宾格动词理论、领属关系及整体–部分关系等语言学理论，本文采用语料分析和对比研究方法，探讨了领有名词提升为主语的限制条件。研究发现，领有名词提升为主语的句子通常由非宾格动词充当谓语，且动词后必须带有完成体标记“了”；领者需具有现存性，且在事件发生前已存在；语义上，领者与属者之间需具备整体–部分关系或不可让渡的领属关系，且属者对领者至关重要。本文的研究为汉语领有名词提升现象提供了系统的解释，深化了对汉语特殊句式生成机制的理解。

Abstract: This paper aims to explore the restrictive conditions on the promotion of possessive nouns to subject positions in modern Chinese, analyzing their syntactic and semantic features to reveal the rules of the promotion of possessive nouns. By examining both syntactic and semantic aspects and integrating linguistic theories such as the unaccusative verb hypothesis, possessive relations, and part-whole relationships, this study employs corpus analysis and comparative research methods to investigate the restrictive conditions under which possessive nouns can be promoted to subject positions. The findings indicate that sentences with promoted possessive nouns typically feature unaccusative verbs as predicates, and the verbs must be accompanied by the perfective aspect marker “le”. The possessor must exhibit existence prior to the event, and semantically, there must be a part-whole or inalienable possessive relationship between the possessor and the possessed, with the possessed being of significant importance to the possessor. This research provides a systematic explanation for the phenomenon of possessive noun promotion in Chinese, deepening the understanding of the generative mechanisms underlying such special sentence structures in Chinese.