从“修身”到“明心”：对儒家修己思想的探讨

From Self-Cultivation to Illuminating the Mind: An Exploration of Confucian Self-Cultivation Thought

摘要: 儒家的修己思想内涵丰富且影响深远，贯穿儒学思想的始终。基于儒家典籍分析修己思想，有利于明确成德的本质，为个体的道德修养和良好生活提供一种借鉴路径。修己也就是成就自身的道德，其内容有三个方面的意蕴：其一，修己发端于本心的觉察，具有自觉自愿性，是人有所觉后自然会做出的选择；其二，修身是修己的过程，以“身”体之是修己的方法；其三，明心是修己的归宿，代表了修己的理想境界。人先是觉察到自己的道德义务和使命，然后经过身体的不断感知、实践，从而锤炼本心，祛除遮蔽，使得本心愈来愈明，继而达到知行合一，实有诸己的境界，最终实现修己成德的理想人格追求。

Abstract: Confucian philosophy of xiuji (self-refinement) encompasses profound and enduring implications, serving as a central thread throughout Confucian thought. By analyzing xiuji through classical Confucian texts, this study clarifies the essence of chengde (moral perfection) and proposes a pathway for individual moral cultivation and well-being. Xiuji—the process of achieving moral excellence in oneself—is characterized by three dimensions: Firstly, originating from the awakening of the innate moral mind (benxin), xiuji arises from conscious self-awareness and voluntariness, becoming a natural choice after moral awakening. Secondly, embodied practice through xiushen (self-cultivation): The refinement of the self is realized through physical engagement and ethical discipline. Thirdly, culminating in mingxin (illuminating the mind): This represents the ideal state of xiuji, where persistent perception and practice refine the innate mind, dispel obscurations, and unify knowledge with action (zhixing heyi). Through this process, virtues become fully internalized (shi you zhuji), ultimately actualizing the Confucian ideal of moral personality.