核磁共振在中枢神经系统疾病中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Central Nervous System Diseases

摘要: 核磁共振成像(MRI)技术凭借其无创性、高分辨率及多参数成像优势，已成为中枢神经系统疾病诊断、治疗和研究的有力工具。本文论述了MRI技术在中枢神经系统疾病中的临床应用研究进展，分析了结构MRI、功能MRI (fMRI)、弥散张量成像(DTI)及磁共振波谱等技术在脑血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、脱髓鞘疾病及脑肿瘤中的诊断价值。研究表明，多模态MRI联合应用可显著提高脑卒中病灶定位精度，DTI技术对白质纤维束损伤评估具有独特优势，fMRI在阿尔茨海默病早期认知功能评估中展现出重要临床意义。同时，本文探讨了MRI在癫痫灶定位、多发性硬化斑块检测及脑胶质瘤分级中的应用策略。未来随着7T超高场强MRI的临床应用及人工智能辅助诊断技术的发展，MRI技术将在中枢神经系统疾病的精准诊疗和预后评估中发挥更重要的作用。

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a powerful tool in the diagnosis, treatment and research of central nervous system diseases due to its non-invasive, high-resolution and multi-parameter imaging advantages. This paper reviewed the clinical application of MRI in central nervous system diseases, and analyzed the diagnostic value of structural MRI, functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases and brain tumors. Studies have shown that the combined application of multimodal MRI can significantly improve the localization accuracy of stroke lesions, DTI technology has a unique advantage in the assessment of white matter fiber bundle injury, and fMRI has shown important clinical significance in the early cognitive function assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. At the same time, the application strategies of MRI in epileptic focus localization, multiple sclerosis plaque detection and glioma grading were discussed. In the future, with the clinical application of 7T ultra-high field intensity MRI and the development of artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis technology, MRI technology will play a more important role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment and prognosis assessment of central nervous system diseases.