中医药治疗扁桃体炎的辨证论治与方法的研究进展

Research Progress on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tonsillitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Syndrome Differentiation and Methods

摘要: 扁桃体位于消化道和呼吸道的交会处，此处的黏膜内含有大量淋巴组织，是经常接触抗原引起局部免疫应答的部位。在舌根、咽部周围的上皮下有好几群淋巴组织，按其位置分别称为腭扁桃体、咽扁桃体和舌扁桃体。咽部是饮食和呼吸气的必经之路，经常接触较易隐藏的病菌和异物，扁桃体炎是上呼吸道常见感染性疾病，以咽痛、发热、扁桃体红肿为主要表现，全球年发病率约5%~10%。现代医学以抗生素、手术为主，但耐药性及术后并发症问题突出。中医药通过清热解毒、消肿散结等治法，在改善症状、减少复发方面具有独特优势。本文系统综述扁桃体炎的中医病因病机、内服外治疗法及作用机制，探讨中西医结合策略。现综述如下。

Abstract: The tonsils are located at the intersection of the digestive tract and respiratory tract, where the mucosa contains a large amount of lymphoid tissue and is a site that frequently comes into contact with antigens and triggers local immune responses. There are several groups of lymphoid tissues under the skin around the base of the tongue and pharynx, which are called palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, and lingual tonsils according to their positions. The pharynx is the only way to eat, drink and breathe. It often contacts bacteria and foreign bodies that are easy to hide. Tonsillitis is a common infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, with sore throat, fever, swollen tonsils as the main manifestations. The global annual incidence rate is about 5%~10%. Modern medicine mainly focuses on antibiotics and surgery, but drug resistance and postoperative complications are prominent issues. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in improving symptoms and reducing recurrence through methods such as clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and resolving nodules. This article systematically reviews the traditional Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis, internal and external treatment methods, and mechanisms of tonsillitis, and explores the strategy of combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The summary is as follows.