髋关节置换术的术前术后配合预防DVT的护理效果

Preoperative and Postoperative Care Effect of Hip Arthroplasty with Prevention of DVT

摘要: 背景：分析髋关节置换术的术前术后配合预防DVT的护理效果。方法：回顾性分析2022年1月至2024年12月在新疆474医院行单侧THA的患者纳入本研究。通过随机数字表法分为2组，对照组(n = 60)开展常规护理和实验组(n = 60)加强术前术后配合。对比2组髋关节功能、日常生活活动能力的差异。测定围术期凝血相关指标、D-二聚体和血小板计数、血红蛋白、失血量、下肢静脉血栓、肺栓塞、切口感染、异体输血的变化。结果：两组患者术前指标，差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；实验组相较于对照组，深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率显著降低(P < 0.05)，且护理后实验组在日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分和Harris髋关节功能评分上的提升均高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，表明实验组的干预措施在降低DVT风险及促进患者功能恢复上均显示出更优效果。两组检验指标无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。结论：髋关节置换术的术前与术后配合措施对于患者而言至关重要，这些措施不仅有助于有效预防深静脉血栓(DVT)的形成，还能显著改善髋关节的功能状态，进而提升患者的日常生活活动能力。通过精心的术前准备和科学的术后护理，患者能够更快地恢复关节功能，减少并发症的发生，从而提高生活质量。

Abstract: Background: To analyze the nursing effect of preoperative and postoperative prevention of DVT in hip replacement. Methods: Patients with unilateral THA in December 2024 in Xinjiang 474 from January 2022 to December 2024 were included in this study. It was divided into two groups, and the control group (n = 60) to carry out routine care and the experimental group (n = 60) to strengthen the preoperative and postoperative cooperation. Compare the differences in hip function and daily living activities of the 2 groups. Changes in perioperative coagulation-related indicators, D-dimer and platelet count, hemoglobin, blood loss, lower limb venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, incisional infection, allogeneic transfusion were determined. Results: No difference between the patients (P > 0.05); compared with the control group, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the improvement in daily living activities (ADL) score and Harris hip function score was higher than the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating that the intervention measures in reduced DVT risk and promoted functional recovery of patients. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The preoperative and postoperative coordination measures of hip replacement are crucial for patients. These measures can not only help effectively prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) but also significantly improve the functional status of the hip joint, thus improving the ability of patients to participate in daily life activities. Through careful preoperative preparation and scientific postoperative care, patients are able to restore joint function faster and reduce the occurrence of complications, thus improving the quality of life.