尿路感染患者尿液标本中大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况分析

Analysis of the Resistance of Escherichia coli in Urine Specimens of Urinary Tract Infection Patients to Commonly Used Antibiotics

摘要: 目的：为更好地指导抗菌类药物的临床合理应用，现对包头市中心医院尿路感染患者大肠埃希菌的耐药现状予以分析。方法：本次研究筛选从包头市中心医院尿路感染患者尿液标本中分离出的782株大肠埃希菌，患者入院时间是2022年1月~2024年12月，并借助相关设备鉴定菌株类型，同时，通过纸片扩散法(K-B)了解病原菌对抗菌药的相关药敏情况。结果：大肠埃希菌对临床常见抗菌药物存在不同程度的耐药性。它对美洛培南、亚胺培南的耐药率达到99.50%，对哌拉西林、氨苄西林等等耐药性处于高位，对于氟喹诺酮类抗菌药的耐药率也高达73.16%，如环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星。另外，发现产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的比重达到51.41%。结论：导致泌尿感染的一类常见致病菌就是大肠埃希菌，因此，必须加强对尿路感染大肠埃希菌的耐药情况加以监控，结合药敏数据合理选择抗菌药。

Abstract: Objective: To better guide the rational clinical use of antimicrobial agents, this study analyzes the current drug resistance status of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients at Baotou Central Hospital. Methods: A total of 782 E. coli strains isolated from urine samples of UTI patients admitted to Baotou Central Hospital between January 2022 and December 2024 were included. Bacterial identification was performed using standard microbiological equipment. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted via the disk diffusion method (K-B). Results: E. coli exhibited varying degrees of resistance to common clinical antimicrobial agents: Resistance rates to meropenem and imipenem reached 99.50%. High resistance was observed for piperacillin and ampicillin. Resistance to fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) was 73.16%. The proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs)-producing strains was 51.41%. Conclusion: Escherichia coli remains a predominant pathogen in urinary tract infections. Continuous monitoring of its antimicrobial resistance patterns and tailored antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibility profiles are critical for effective clinical management.