农产品电商集群化发展的制度保障

Institutional Guarantee for the Cluster Development of Agricultural Product E-Commerce

摘要: 集群化是农村电商高质量发展的重要方向，但相较于农村电商整体蓬勃态势，农产品电商的集群化发展却相对滞后。本文基于产业集群理论视角，从生产端、流通端、市场端、人才端和政策端五个维度剖析我国农产品电商集群化发展的阻滞困境。发现生产端产品创新不足引发同质化竞争，流通端供应链技术与基础设施薄弱加剧损耗，市场端恶性低价竞争与内卷化现象普遍，人才端专业人才匮乏与职业教育体系缺位，政策端政策协同不足与制度衔接脱节，共同制约了农产品电商的规模化上行与高质量发展。针对上述问题，须从生产差异化、流通优化、市场规范、人才培养及政策适配五个层面提出制度保障建议，通过系统性制度创新，为乡村振兴战略下的农产品电商高质量发展提供理论支持与实践路径。

Abstract: Clustering is vital for rural e-commerce quality, but agricultural product e-commerce clusters lag behind overall growth. This article analyzes the stagnation dilemmas of the clustered development of agricultural product e-commerce in China from the perspectives of five dimensions: production, circulation, market, talent, and policy, based on the theory of industrial clusters. It finds that insufficient product innovation at the production end leads to homogenous competition, weak supply chain technology and infrastructure at the circulation end exacerbates losses, widespread malignant price competition and internal competition at the market end are common, there is a shortage of professional talent and deficiencies in the vocational education system at the talent end, and inadequate policy coordination and disconnects in systems at the policy end jointly restrict the scaling up and high-quality development of agricultural product e-commerce. In response to these issues, institutional recommendations must be proposed from five levels: production differentiation, circulation optimization, market regulation, talent cultivation, and policy adaptation. Through systematic institutional innovation, theoretical support and practical pathways for the high-quality development of agricultural product e-commerce under the rural revitalization strategy can be provided.