数字时代数据财产权益保护研究

Research on the Protection of Data Property Rights and Interests in the Digital Age

摘要: 在数字时代要推动数据要素市场化离不开对数据财产权益的保护，而我国现在建立了以多部法律和行政法规为核心的数据保护法律体系，但没有专门的数据保护立法。我国的数据财产权益保护制度仍需进一步整合规则、强化操作性，同时平衡数据流通与权益保障双重目标。本文围绕这些问题，首先对我国当前数据保护立法展开研究，并与域外法进行比较分析，总结了各个模式的优缺点。其次讨论了我国目前数据财产权益保护制度存在的矛盾，主要包括当前法律制度局限性明显、数据权益归属不明确以及因技术和立法双重原因导致数据的非排他性影响过大。最后本文为我国数据财产权益保护提出几点建议，如采取“渐进式立法改良”方法采用保护性规范或转介其他法律保护数据财产权益，在立法中明确数据财产权益主体和权能内容，并辅以隐私计算、区块链存证、数字水印等技术，通过法律加强监督，多措并举激活数据要素潜能，为数字经济发展提供有力支撑。

Abstract: In the digital age, the protection of data property rights and interests is inseparable from promoting the marketization of data elements, and China has now established a data protection legal system with multiple laws and administrative regulations as the core, but there is no special data protection legislation. China’s data property rights and interests protection system still needs to further integrate rules, strengthen operability, and balance the dual goals of data circulation and rights and interests protection. Focusing on these issues, this paper first conducts a study on China’s current data protection legislation, compares and analyzes it with foreign laws, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Secondly, the contradictions existing in the current data property rights protection system in China are discussed, mainly including the obvious limitations of the current legal system, the unclear ownership of data rights and interests, and the excessive impact of non-exclusivity of data due to both technology and laws. Finally, this paper puts forward several suggestions for the protection of data property rights and interests in China, such as adopting the method of “progressive legislative improvement”, adopting protective norms or referring to other laws to protect data property rights and interests, clarifying the subject and power content of data property rights and interests in legislation, supplemented by technologies such as privacy computing, blockchain evidence storage, and digital watermarking, strengthening supervision through laws, and taking multiple measures to activate the potential of data elements, so as to provide strong support for the development of the digital economy.