专利视角下我国电子商务产业技术研发态势与创新主体特征研究

A Study on the Trends of Technological Research and Development in China’s E-Commerce Industry and the Characteristics of Innovation Entities from the Perspective of Patents

摘要: 在人工智能与区块链技术驱动下，电子商务技术自主创新成为我国数字经济安全发展的关键议题。本文基于13,402件电子商务领域发明专利数据，运用专利计量与网络分析方法，揭示技术研发态势与创新主体特征。研究发现：(1) 技术研发呈现“稳步增长–核心集聚”特征，电商交易平台、物流管理等核心IPC分类占比近四成，隐私计算等技术领域尚处发展期；(2) 创新主体呈现“企业主导–巨头垄断–产研割裂”格局，互联网巨头企业通过关联公司实现技术闭环，金融机构深度融入支付安全领域，高校、科研院所参与度不足；(3) 合作网络呈现“稀疏联结–集群分化”特征，85.2%专利权人选择独立研发，少数国企形成有限合作集群。在此基础上，从优化技术研发格局、加强创新主体合作、深化政策引导与区域协同三个方面提出对策建议。

Abstract: Driven by artificial intelligence and blockchain technology, independent innovation in e-commerce technology has become a key issue for the secure development of China’s digital economy. Based on data from 13,402 invention patents in the field of e-commerce, this paper employs patent metrics and network analysis methods to unveil the trends in technological research and development as well as the characteristics of innovation entities. The study finds that: (1) The pattern of technological R&D exhibits characteristics of “steady growth-core aggregation”, with nearly 40% of the core IPC classifications related to e-commerce trading platforms, logistics management, etc., while fields such as privacy computing are still in their developmental phase; (2) The innovation entities demonstrate a pattern of “enterprise dominance-monopoly by giants-disconnection between production and research”; internet giant firms achieve a closed technology loop through affiliated companies, and financial institutions are deeply integrated into the payment security sector, while the participation of universities and research institutes is insufficient; (3) The collaboration network shows characteristics of “sparse connections-cluster differentiation”, with 85.2% of patent holders opting for independent research and development, leading to limited collaborative clusters among a few state-owned enterprises. Based on these findings, this paper proposes policy recommendations from three aspects: optimizing the technological R&D pattern, strengthening cooperation among innovation entities, and deepening policy guidance and regional collaboration.