自贸协定背景下FDI对我国各省出口的影响——以中韩为例

The Impact of FDI on China’s Provincial Exports in the Context of FTAs—Taking China-Korea as an Example

摘要: 中国自改革开放以来优化投资环境并制定相关贸易政策，吸引了大量外商直接投资(FDI)，促进了国际资本流动和经济增长。本文以中韩贸易关系为研究对象，基于2012至2022年的数据，探讨自由贸易协定(FTA)背景下FDI对出口的影响。通过构建计量经济学模型，研究发现随着FTA实施，韩国直接投资不仅增加了中国出口总量，还推动了出口结构优化。随着双方经济合作加深，贸易规模扩大，为企业提供了更广阔的市场空间，促进了资源有效配置。此外，外国直接投资流入带动就业增加，对国内经济产生积极连锁反应。特别是在高科技领域，韩国企业的技术溢出效应明显提升了中国相关产业的国际竞争力，进一步促进了中国制造业的产业升级和价值链攀升。研究表明，FTA背景下，外国直接投资对中国出口具有重要推动作用，对未来深化中韩经贸合作具有重要的政策启示。

Abstract: Since China’s reform and opening up, it has optimized the investment environment and formulated relevant trade policies, attracting substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) that has promoted international capital flow and economic growth. This paper examines the China-Korea trade relationship using data from 2012 to 2022, exploring the impact of FDI on exports under the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) framework. Through econometric modeling, the research finds that with FTA implementation, Korean direct investment has not only increased China’s export volume but also optimized export structure. As economic cooperation deepens, trade scale has expanded, providing broader market space for enterprises and promoting effective resource allocation. Additionally, FDI inflows have increased employment opportunities, generating positive economic ripple effects. Particularly in high-tech fields, the technology spillover effects from Korean enterprises have significantly enhanced the international competitiveness of related Chinese industries, further promoting industrial upgrading and value chain advancement in Chinese manufacturing. The study demonstrates that under the FTA framework, foreign direct investment plays a significant role in promoting China’s exports, offering important policy implications for future deepening of China-Korea economic and trade cooperation.