电子商务竞争中的数据抓取行为法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Data Scraping Behavior in E-Commerce Competition

摘要: 数字经济时代，电子商务企业间的数据抓取行为已成为竞争策略的核心工具，却也因法律边界模糊引发大量不正当竞争纠纷。当前，《反不正当竞争法》在规制此类行为时面临双重困境：一方面，其一般条款因过度依赖“诚实信用”和“商业道德”等原则性标准，导致司法裁判缺乏明确性与可预测性；另一方面，互联网专项条款因类型化不足，难以覆盖电商场景中多样化的数据抓取行为。本文以电子商务竞争为研究背景，结合《反不正当竞争法》与《电子商务法》的交叉适用，探讨数据抓取行为的合法性边界及条款优化路径。通过分析典型案例与司法实践，提出优化建议：强化一般条件的谦抑原则并坚持市场优化原则、构建一般条款与互联网条款适用逻辑并提出电商专项条款。研究旨在为电子商务领域的数据治理提供兼具理论深度与实践价值的法律解决方案。

Abstract: In the digital economy era, data scraping among e-commerce enterprises has become a core tool of competitive strategies, but it has also led to numerous disputes over unfair competition due to ambiguous legal boundaries. Currently, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law faces dual dilemmas when regulating such behaviors: on the one hand, its general provisions overly rely on principle-based standards such as “good faith” and “commercial ethics”, resulting in a lack of clarity and predictability in judicial decisions; on the other hand, the Internet-specific provisions are insufficiently typified, making it difficult to cover the diverse data scraping behaviors in the e-commerce context. This paper, with e-commerce competition as the research background, explores the legal boundaries of data scraping behaviors and the path for optimizing the provisions by combining the cross-application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the E-commerce Law. Through the analysis of typical cases and judicial practices, it proposes optimization suggestions: strengthening the principle of restraint in general conditions and adhering to the principle of market optimization, constructing the application logic of general provisions and Internet provisions, and proposing e-commerce-specific provisions. The research aims to provide a legal solution with both theoretical depth and practical value for data governance in the e-commerce field.