中医外治法治疗银屑病的研究进展

Research Progress on External Treatment of Psoriasis with Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 银屑病是一种以红斑鳞屑为主要特征的慢性炎症性皮肤病，主要伴有界限清晰的红色斑块，表面覆盖银白色鳞屑，伴显著瘙痒及脱屑。据世界卫生组织统计，全球约1.25亿人受此病困扰，我国患病率达0.47%，且近年呈年轻化趋势。该病不仅造成皮肤屏障功能受损，还可引发银屑病关节炎、代谢综合征及心血管疾病等全身性并发症，约30%患者因皮损暴露继发焦虑、抑郁等心理障碍，严重降低生活质量。现代医学多采用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂等控制症状，但长期应用易导致皮肤萎缩、感染风险增加及肝肾功能异常。中医外治法通过透皮给药直接作用于病灶，兼具局部与整体调节优势。临床常用中药溻渍疗法清热解毒，火针联合拔罐促进瘀血消散，穴位埋线调节神经–免疫网络功能，同时配合内服凉血化瘀方剂，可显著降低血清IL-17、TNF-α等炎症因子水平。中医外治法以其多靶点干预特性，为银屑病的个体化治疗提供了新思路。

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema and scales, mainly accompanied by well-defined red patches covered with silver white scales on the surface, accompanied by significant itching and scaling. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 125 million people worldwide are affected by this disease, with a prevalence rate of 0.47% in China, and a trend towards younger age groups in recent years. This disease not only causes damage to the skin barrier function, but can also lead to systemic complications such as psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. About 30% of patients experience secondary psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression due to skin lesion exposure, severely reducing their quality of life. Modern medicine often uses glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and other medications to control symptoms, but long-term use can lead to skin atrophy, increased risk of infection, and abnormal liver and kidney function. Traditional Chinese medicine external treatment directly acts on the lesion through transdermal administration, with advantages in both local and overall regulation. The commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for clearing heat and detoxifying in clinical practice, the combination of fire needles and cupping to promote the dissipation of blood stasis, acupoint embedding to regulate the function of the neural immune network, and combined with oral administration of cooling blood and removing blood stasis formulas, can significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-17 and TNF-α in serum. Traditional Chinese medicine external treatment methods, with their multi-target intervention characteristics, provide new ideas for individualized treatment of psoriasis.