平台企业在政策环境变化中的适应与挑战——以美团为例

Adaptation and Challenges of Platform Enterprises in the Changing Policy Environment—Taking Meituan as an Example

摘要: 在国家强化平台用工治理、完善新就业形态劳动者社会保障制度的背景下，平台企业面临新的政策压力与转型挑战。本文以美团为案例，采用定性分析方法，梳理我国平台社保政策的演变逻辑，分析美团在社保制度调整过程中的组织响应路径，探讨其在制度压力下的现实困境。研究发现，美团在政策驱动下逐步探索职业伤害保障、推进稳定骑手参保计划，初步展现出组织适应能力；但与此同时，其策略推进仍面临高成本负担、用工模式与制度不匹配、三方责任不清等多重障碍。本文认为，平台企业的策略调整不仅是对政策的被动响应，更是在政策与市场之间的动态博弈过程。为推动平台治理向更加规范、公平方向发展，需在政策制度和企业策略层面协同推进，形成可持续的保障机制与用工模式。

Abstract: Under the background of the state strengthening the governance of platform labor and improving the social security system for workers in new employment forms, platform enterprises face new policy pressure and transformation challenges. Taking Meituan as a case study, this paper adopts a qualitative analysis method to sort out the logic of the evolution of China’s platform social security policy, analyze Meituan’s organizational response path in the process of adjusting the social security system, and explore its real-life dilemma under the pressure of the system. The study finds that Meituan has gradually explored occupational injury protection and pushed forward the insurance plan for stable riders under the driving force of the policy, initially demonstrating its organizational adaptability; however, at the same time, the advancement of its strategy is still faced with multiple systemic obstacles such as the burden of high costs, mismatch between the employment model and the system, and unclear responsibilities of the three parties. This paper argues that the strategic adjustment of platform enterprises is not only a passive response to the policy, but also a dynamic gaming process between the policy and the market. In order to promote the development of platform governance in the direction of more standardization and fairness, it is necessary to synergistically promote at the level of policy system and enterprise strategy, and to form a sustainable guarantee mechanism and employment mode.