冠心病患者的疲乏、社会支持与康复运动知信行相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Fatigue, Social Support, and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Rehabilitation Exercise in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

摘要: 目的：了解冠心病患者疲乏、社会支持与康复运动知信行的现状，分析疲乏、社会支持、康复运动知信行三者之间的关系。方法：本研究采用便利抽样法，选取十堰市三家三甲医院心血管内科冠心病患者316例进行问卷调查。问卷调查内容包括一般资料调查表、多维度疲乏量表、领悟社会支持量表、康复运动知信行问卷。应用统计学工具SPSS 26.0以及Amos 24.0分析数据，以P < 0.05为具有统计学意义。结果：冠心病患者疲乏得分为(56.81 ± 10.57)分，社会支持得分为(60.2 ± 7.57)分，康复运动知信行得分为(43.78 ± 12.21)分；相关性分析结果显示，冠心病患者社会支持与疲乏呈负相关关系(r = −0.243, P < 0.01)；疲乏与康复运动知信行为负相关关系(r = −0.432, P < 0.01)；社会支持与康复运动知信行为正相关关系(r = 0.360, P < 0.01)；多元线性回归分析结果显示，病程、文化程度、疲乏、社会支持是康复运动知信行的主要影响因素(P < 0.05)；疲乏在社会支持对康复运动知信行的预测中起到部分中介作用，中介效应对总效应的贡献率为29.20%。结论：冠心病患者的疲乏、社会支持处于较高水平，康复运动知信行处于中低水平；疲乏、社会支持与康复运动知信行三者之间存在相关关系；冠心病患者的疲乏在社会支持与康复运动知信行间存在部分中介效应。建议鼓励家属参与康复计划，根据疲乏程度调整运动强度，通过健康教育等方式，纠正患者对运动的错误认知，以改善患者预后，提高生活质量。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status of fatigue, social support, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of rehabilitation exercise in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and analyze the relationships among fatigue, social support, and KAP of rehabilitation exercise. Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed to select 316 CHD patients from the cardiovascular departments of three tertiary hospitals in Shiyan City for questionnaire surveys. The questionnaires included a general information survey, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the KAP questionnaire on rehabilitation exercise. Statistical tools SPSS 26.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for data analysis, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: The fatigue score of CHD patients was (56.81 ± 10.57), the social support score was (60.2 ± 7.57), and the KAP score of rehabilitation exercise was (43.78 ± 12.21). Correlation analysis showed that social support was negatively correlated with fatigue (r = −0.243, P < 0.01), fatigue was negatively correlated with KAP of rehabilitation exercise (r = −0.432, P < 0.01), and social support was positively correlated with KAP of rehabilitation exercise (r = 0.360, P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that disease duration, education level, fatigue, and social support were the main influencing factors of KAP of rehabilitation exercise (P < 0.05). Fatigue played a partial mediating role in the prediction of social support on KAP of rehabilitation exercise, with the mediating effect accounting for 29.20% of the total effect. Conclusion: CHD patients exhibited high levels of fatigue and social support, while their KAP of rehabilitation exercise was at a moderate to low level. There were correlations among fatigue, social support, and KAP of rehabilitation exercise. Fatigue partially mediated the relationship between social support and KAP of rehabilitation exercise. It is recommended to encourage family involvement in rehabilitation plans, adjust exercise intensity based on fatigue levels, and correct patients’ misconceptions about exercise through health education to improve prognosis and quality of life.