莒南县农村空巢老人居家养老浅析

Analysis of Home-Based Elderly Care for Empty Nest Elderly in Rural Areas of Junan County

摘要: 人口老龄化是全世界面临的共同问题和难题，不仅会减少人口红利，也会给国家增添沉重的财政负担。改革开放以来，我国经济社会取得长足进步的同时，随着人口老龄化进程加快，老年人口数量呈现爆发式增长。随着农村大量劳动力转移外流及农村“421”家庭的普遍化，农村空巢老人数量激增。农村空巢老人作为社会特殊群体，虽然关注度相对较少，但却是应对人口老龄化最重要的一部分。妥善处理农村空巢老人养老问题，有助于国家社会稳定和经济的发展。国家也一直重视农村老年人养老问题，不断出台政策措施应对，既稳定目前的养老局面，又为下一步发展前进指明方向。莒南县作为东部地区县城，是传统农业发展区域，人口多，老龄化程度深，农村空巢老人占比大，在养老事业发展中面临很多问题和挑战。因此，选取莒南县为例，对农村空巢老人养老现状及存在问题进行研究，具有较强的代表性。

Abstract: Population aging is a common problem and challenge facing the world, which not only reduces the demographic dividend but also adds a heavy financial burden to countries. Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy and society have made significant progress. However, with the acceleration of population aging, the number of elderly people has shown explosive growth. With the large-scale transfer and outflow of rural labor force and the popularization of rural “421” families, the number of empty nest elderly in rural areas has surged. Rural empty nest elderly, as a special social group, although receiving relatively less attention, are the most important part of coping with population aging. Properly addressing the issue of elderly care for empty nesters in rural areas can contribute to national social stability and economic development. The country has always attached great importance to the issue of elderly care in rural areas, continuously introducing policy measures to address it, which not only stabilizes the current elderly care situation, but also points out the direction for the next step of development and progress. As a county town in the eastern region, Junan County is a traditional agricultural development area with a large population and a deep aging population. The proportion of empty nest elderly in rural areas is large, and it faces many problems and challenges in the development of elderly care. Therefore, Junan County was selected as an example to study the current situation and existing problems of elderly care for empty nesters in rural areas, which has strong representativeness.