典型生态移民村镇居民社会关系网络研究

A Study on Residents’ Social Relationship Network of Typical Ecological Immigrant Towns and Villages

摘要: 宁夏生态移民村镇具有典型代表性，其居民社会关系网络研究有较强的理论与实践价值。论文以典型样区为例，依托强关系与弱关系理论、社会资本理论等理论基础，通过问卷调查、深入访谈等获取基础数据，在数理统计分析的基础上研究了生态移民社会关系类型与强度、社会关系的群体分异及社会关系的影响因素，并提出了相应对策。结论包括：(1) 生态移民个体(或家庭)的社会关系主要集中在亲缘关系、新的地缘关系、志缘关系，旧的地缘关系与业缘关系较差，尤其是业缘关系最差；(2) 个体与组织的关系紧密程度不高；(3) 部分社会经济指标与社会关系指标组内差异显著，社会关系网络的群体分异特征明显；(4) 生态移民社会关系网络的影响因素主要包括个体(家庭)因素与外界环境因素。对策包括：(1) 业缘关系需有所改进，如提升个体社会资本(或微观资本)，改进居民素质与产业发展需求的匹配度，拓展居民社会关系网络(巩固强关系，建构弱关系)；(2) 加强村镇空间治理与社会治理，增强社会关系建构的空间场所与机会，提升移民的集体社会资本(或中观、宏观社会资本)；(3) 加强与周边村镇、市区的联系，为居民弱关系的建立提供更多契机。

Abstract: Ecological immigrant towns and villages in Ningxia are typical and representative in China. It has theoretical and practical implications in studying on the social relationship network of their residents. This study has selected the typical sampling, employing strong and weak relation theories and social capital theory as theoretical basis, to collect basic data by questionnaire, in-depth interview and other methods. Statistical methodologies such as general statistic analysis method, one-way ANOVA analysis and correlation analysis are used to analyze the three main contents, namely type, intensity of social relations and the differentiation between groups classified by social-economical items. Besides, the influencing factors of the social relations and some adaptive strategies are also considered. Four conclusions are followed. (1) Firstly, social relations between individuals or families mainly reflect as ties of consanguinity, new geographical relationship and aspiration relationship, but old geographical relationship and business relationship is poor, especially the business relationship is more poor. (2) Secondly, social relations between individuals or families and the organization is poor and needs further adjustment and governance in future. (3) The third conclusion is that group differentiation of social relations is obvious because of significant inter-group difference of some social-economical items and indexes of social relations. (4) Fourth, individual or family factors and external environmental factors are the main influencing factors of the social relationship network of ecological immigrants. Three strategies has been designed for the social relationship network of ecological immigrant towns and villages. (1) One is aimed at optimization of business relationship. The residents should improve individual techniques or capabilities to strengthen the individual social capital to be adaptive to satisfy the requirements of local industrial development. Through different kinds of jobs, the residents can extend the social relationship network by strengthening strong relations and establish weak relations to support the future development. (2) The second strategy is strengthening spatial governance and social governance of ecological immigrant towns and villages. To reinforce individual and organized social interaction and optimize spatial place and the opportunities of social relations construction, thus the collective social capital can be promoted. (3) Besides, social contacts with nearby towns and villages and the core cities should be more frequent to provide the opportunities to residents’ weak relations.