认罪认罚从宽制度中被害人权利保障研究

Research on the Protection of Victims’ Rights in the Plea Leniency System

摘要: 认罪认罚从宽制度是我国刑事诉讼改革的一项重要成果，该制度旨在提高诉讼效率、优化司法资源配置，但在制度运行中被害人的权利保障问题日益凸显，影响着制度公正性和社会效果化。须聚焦于认罪认罚从宽制度中被害人权利保障的现状和问题，对被害人知情权、参与权、获得赔偿权等权利保障的现状与不足展开讨论，明确被害人在认罪认罚中的角色定位。由于制度设计偏向效率价值、司法机关对被害人权利重视不足以及被害人自身参与能力有限等原因，被害人权利保障存在被忽视甚至被侵害的风险，应提出完善立法、明确司法机关保障职责、构建多元化纠纷解决机制、创新认罪认罚从宽制度被害人保护等研讨思路，用以强化被害人权利保障实现认罪认罚从宽制度惩罚犯罪与保障人权的双重目标，推动刑事诉讼制度的进一步完善。

Abstract: The leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment, a significant achievement in China’s criminal procedure reform, aims to enhance judicial efficiency and optimize the allocation of judicial resources. However, the protection of victims’ rights has increasingly emerged as a critical issue during its implementation, affecting the system’s fairness and societal effectiveness. It is imperative to focus on the current status and challenges in safeguarding victims’ rights under this system, particularly their rights to information, participation, and compensation, and to clarify victims’ role in plea bargaining. Due to the system’s efficiency-oriented design, insufficient judicial emphasis on victims’ rights, and victims’ limited capacity to engage, there remains a risk of neglect or even infringement of their rights. To address these issues, proposals should include improving legislation, clarifying judicial responsibilities, establishing diversified dispute resolution mechanisms, and innovating victim protection measures within the leniency framework. Such efforts would strengthen victims’ rights, fulfill the dual goals of punishing crimes and safeguarding human rights under the system, and advance the refinement of China’s criminal procedure system.