数字背景下厘清算法价格歧视行为的电商平台责任边界

Clarifying the Liability Boundaries of E-Commerce Platforms for Algorithmic Price Discrimination Behavior in a Digital Context

摘要: 算法价格歧视是平台经营者依托算法与数据优势实施的差异化定价策略，其技术隐蔽性与社会危害性对消费者权益、市场竞争秩序及数字伦理构成系统性挑战。我国现行法律框架虽通过《电子商务法》《反不正当竞争法》《个人信息保护法》等对价格歧视行为有所回应，但存在规制对象局限、技术穿透不足等结构性缺陷，难以应对算法迭代与市场动态的复杂性。本文以避风港原则为制度枢纽，提出“梯度合规–动态豁免–多元共治”三位一体的规制框架，构建以“过程控制”补充“结果追责”的治理范式，以制度弹性平衡技术创新与公平价值，保障数字经济平稳发展。

Abstract: Algorithmic price discrimination is a differentiated pricing strategy implemented by platform operators relying on algorithms and data advantages, and its technological opacity and social harm pose systemic challenge to consumer rights and interests, market competition order and digital ethics. Although China’s current legal framework has responded to price discrimination through the E-Commerce Law, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law, there are structural deficiencies such as limitations on the target of regulation and insufficient technological penetration, which make it difficult to cope with the complexity of algorithmic iteration and market dynamics. Centering on the safe harbor principle as an institutional pivot, this paper proposes a trinity regulatory framework integrating “graded compliance, dynamic exemption, and multi-stakeholder governance”. It constructs a governance paradigm that supplements “result-based accountability” with “process control”, balances technological innovation with fairness through institutional flexibility, and ensures the stable development of the digital economy.