《非遗法》视域下知识产权的保护困境及应对策略

Protection Dilemmas and Coping Strategies of Intellectual Property under the Perspective of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law

摘要: 非物质文化遗产(以下简称“非遗”)作为民族文化的重要载体和人类文明的共同财富，承载着独特的历史记忆与文化基因。本文基于《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》，系统分析非遗知识产权保护面临的主体认定模糊、客体界定困难、权利配置失衡及跨国保护不足等现实困境。通过文献研究、比较分析和案例研究等方法，结合实践经验，深入剖析问题成因。当前，知识产权制度难以完全适应非遗保护的特殊需求，权利主体多元性、传承活态性等特征导致法律适用困难。为此，本文提出通过构建专门保护制度、完善现行知识产权制度、建立多元协同的保护机制以及加强国际保护协作与互认的措施，以实现非遗知识产权的有效保护与可持续发展。

Abstract: As a crucial carrier of national culture and a shared treasure of human civilization, Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) embodies unique historical memories and cultural genes. Grounded in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People’s Republic of China, this study systematically analyzes the practical challenges in ICH intellectual property (IP) protection, including ambiguities in identifying rights holders, difficulties in defining protected objects, imbalances in rights allocation, and insufficient transnational safeguards. Employing methodologies such as literature review, comparative analysis, and case studies, alongside practical insights, the paper delves into the root causes of these issues. The current IP framework inadequately addresses the unique demands of ICH protection, where the multiplicity of rights holders and the dynamic, evolving nature of cultural transmission create legal complexities. To resolve these challenges, the paper proposes establishing a specialized legal regime for ICH protection, refining existing IP mechanisms, fostering collaborative governance involving diverse stakeholders, and strengthening international cooperation and mutual recognition. These measures aim to ensure effective IP protection and sustainable development of ICH.