仲裁第三人的制度构建

The Construction of the Third Party Arbitration System

摘要: 有效的仲裁协议是仲裁的前提，仲裁协议的相对性限制承受实体权利义务的非仲裁协议签字方成为仲裁程序中的适格主体，但是仲裁协议效力扩张理论和合并仲裁理论为第三人参与仲裁程序提供了理论依据。为便于纠纷化解，涉及利益的当事人权益得以维护，仲裁第三人程序的构建能帮助解决当前复杂的纠纷。本文以仲裁协议为标准，结合仲裁理论将仲裁第三人分为基于同一仲裁协议的第三人和基于不同仲裁协议的第三人，并指出仲裁第三人制度要解决的核心问题是真正的纠纷当事人进入仲裁程序的问题。然后对相关案例和现有法律进行分析；对仲裁第三人程序准入路径分析，提出仲裁第三人程序准入模型，明确了第三人进入仲裁程序后可以成为当事人。最后对我国构建仲裁第三人制度的构建提出转变仲裁理念，立法改革。

Abstract: An effective arbitration agreement is the prerequisite for arbitration. The relativity of the arbitration agreement restricts non-signatories who bear substantive rights and obligations from becoming qualified parties in the arbitration process. However, theories on the expansion of the effectiveness of arbitration agreements and consolidated arbitration provide theoretical grounds for third-party participation in arbitration proceedings. To facilitate dispute resolution and protect the interests of parties involved, the establishment of an arbitration third-party procedure can help address current complex disputes. This paper uses the arbitration agreement as a standard and combines arbitration theory to categorize arbitration third parties into those based on the same arbitration agreement and those based on different arbitration agreements. It points out that the core issue that the arbitration third-party system aims to solve is the entry of genuine dispute parties into the arbitration process. Then, it analyzes relevant cases and existing laws; examines the pathways for access to the arbitration third-party procedure and proposes an access model for the arbitration third-party procedure, clarifying that third parties can become parties after entering the arbitration process. Finally, it suggests transforming arbitration concepts and legislative reforms to establish an arbitration third-party system in China.