地震采集现场提高硬质地表检波器接收效果的工具和方法

Tools and Methods for Enhancing Geophone Reception Effectiveness on Hard Surfaces at Seismic Acquisition Sites

摘要: 针对硬质地表地震勘探中检波器耦合度低、信号接收效果差的技术难题，本文提出一种基于摩擦增强机制的耦合工艺优化方法。通过改进检波器引锥结构，设计梯度化螺纹表面以增加接触面积与粗糙度，结合原位岩屑回填工艺，实现检波器与岩层的动态摩擦锁定。采用轻量化电钻钻设Φ25 mm垂直接收孔，利用钻孔岩屑与水的混合物形成临时胶结层，通过螺纹咬合与岩屑二次排列增强界面耦合。现场试验表明，改进工艺使能量传递效率提升至82.3%，抗拔强度达2.5 kN，单点埋置时间压缩至1分钟以内。该工艺有效解决了硬质地表波阻抗失配与耦合界面应力分布不均问题，为高陡复杂地表区地震勘探提供了高效、可靠的技术方案，对提升深层油气勘探数据质量具有重要工程价值。

Abstract: To address the technical challenges of low geophone coupling efficiency and poor signal reception in hard-surface seismic exploration, this paper proposes a coupling process optimization method based on a friction enhancement mechanism. By improving the geophone spike structure, a gradated threaded surface is designed to increase contact area and roughness, combined with an in-situ cuttings backfilling technique to achieve dynamic friction locking between the geophone and rock formations. A lightweight electric drill is used to create 25-mm-diameter vertical reception holes, while a mixture of drill cuttings and water forms a temporary cementation layer. Thread engagement and secondary alignment of cuttings enhance interfacial coupling. Field tests demonstrate that the optimized process improves energy transfer efficiency to 82.3%, increases pullout resistance to 2.5 kN, and reduces single-point burial time to under 1 minute. This method effectively resolves wave impedance mismatch and uneven stress distribution at the coupling interface on hard surfaces, providing an efficient and reliable technical solution for seismic exploration in high-relief complex terrains. It holds significant engineering value for improving data quality in deep oil and gas exploration.