中国煤矿安全监测技术的演进历程与应用

The Evolutionary Journey and Applications of Coal Mine Safety Monitoring Technology in China

摘要: 煤矿在我国能源体系中占据关键地位，其安全生产对保障能源供应和推动经济社会发展具有重要意义。但是我国复杂的地质条件与高危作业环境导致煤矿安全事故频发，严重制约煤炭行业的高质量发展。本文综述了我国煤矿安全监测技术的演进历程，从早期依赖人工巡检与简易设备的阶段，到借助传感器和有线网络实现数据自动采集与远程传输的信息化阶段，再到如今融合5G通信、物联网、边缘计算与人工智能等前沿技术的智能化阶段，系统分析了各阶段的技术特征、应用成效及存在的局限性。通过典型案例剖析，总结了煤矿安全监测系统在实用性、实时性、可靠性方面的技术发展趋势，并指出了当前面临的数据安全与隐私保护、系统兼容性与互操作性、实时性与可靠性、成本与可扩展性以及人才短缺等问题。针对这些问题，提出了加强数据安全与隐私保护、推动系统标准化与互操作性、提升系统实时性与可靠性、降低建设和运营成本、加强人才培养与引进、推动产学研用合作等发展建议。本文旨在为我国煤矿智能化升级与安全保障体系建设提供理论支撑和实践参考，助力煤矿行业实现安全、高效、智能的可持续发展。

Abstract: Coal mines play a vital role in China’s energy system, and their safe production is of great significance for ensuring energy supply and promoting economic and social development. However, the complex geological conditions and hazardous working environment lead to frequent coal mine safety accidents, which seriously restrict the high-quality development of the industry. This review systematically examines the evolution of coal mine safety monitoring technologies in China. From the early stage relying on manual inspections and simple equipment, to the informatization stage that leverages sensors and wired networks for automatic data collection and remote transmission, and then to the current intelligent stage integrating cutting-edge technologies such as 5G communication, the Internet of Things, edge computing, and artificial intelligence, the technical characteristics, application effects, and limitations of each stage are analyzed. Through case studies, the technological development trends of coal mine safety monitoring systems in terms of practicability, real-time performance, and reliability are summarized. Current issues such as data security and privacy protection, system compatibility and interoperability, real-time performance and reliability, cost and scalability, and talent shortages are pointed out. Targeted suggestions are proposed, including strengthening data security and privacy protection, promoting system standardization and interoperability, enhancing real-time performance and reliability, reducing construction and operation costs, strengthening talent training and introduction, and promoting cooperation among industry, academia, and research institutions. This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical references for the intelligent upgrading of China’s coal mines and the construction of safety guarantee systems, and to help the coal mining industry achieve safe, efficient, and intelligent sustainable development.