颈性眩晕发病机制的临床研究进展

Clinical Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Cervical Vertigo

摘要: 颈性眩晕是指由颈椎因素引发的眩晕症状，其发病机制复杂，主诉单一，如今仍缺少特异性诊断标准。伴随着生活节奏的加快、颈椎病发病率的逐年增高，随之而来的眩晕症状已对人们的生活质量产生影响。本文通过检索近年来国内外研究文献，对业内有关颈性眩晕的研究现状及主流起病学说进行总结。目前认为，可能的发病机制可概括为：椎–基底动脉学说、神经及体液学说、肌肉筋膜学说。总结各类学说观点，其共通之处在于：理化刺激诱导颈部的血管、神经、肌肉产生反应性调控，以导致脑部供血不足、或直接作用于大脑皮层为最终结果，从而导致颈性眩晕的发病、产生眩晕症状。

Abstract: Cervical vertigo refers to dizziness caused by cervical spine factors. The pathogenesis of cervical vertigo is complex, and it is characterized by a single chief complaint. To this day, specific diagnostic criteria are still lacking. With the acceleration of the pace of life and the increasing incidence of cervical spondylosis year by year, the accompanying dizziness has begun to affect people’s quality of life. This article summarizes the recent status of research and mainstream etiological theories in the field regarding cervicogenic dizziness by reviewing domestic and international studies in recent years. It is currently believed that the possible pathogenesis can be summarized as: the vertebral-basilar artery theory, the neuro-humoral theory, and the myofascial theory. Summarizing various theories, the common point of view is that pathological changes induce reactive regulation of blood vessels, nerves and muscles in the neck, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain or directly acting on the cerebral cortex as the final result, which leads to the onset of cervical vertigo and vertigo symptoms.