龙港市鸟类多样性研究

A Study on Avian Diversity in Longgang City

摘要: 本研究采用样线法和样点法对龙港市鸟类物种组成和多样性进行调查，共记录到鸟类17目52科108属185种。其中，雀形目鸟类物种数最多，占总物种数的41.62%；其次为鸻形目和雁形目，分别占比22.16%和12.43%。中国国家重点保护野生动物32种，包括一级重点保护6种和二级重点保护26种。《中国生物多样性红色名录》极危2种，濒危3种和易危6种；IUCN红色名录极危2种，濒危4种和易危7种。生态类群以鸣禽类物种数最多，占总物种数的41.62%；其次涉禽类和游禽类分别占比27.57%和18.92%。区系组成以古北界鸟类为主，占总物种数的60.54%，东洋界鸟类占比27.57%，广布种占比11.89%。居留型以冬候鸟数量最多，占总物种数的37.30%，留鸟、旅鸟、夏候鸟和迷鸟分别占比32.97%、22.70%、6.49%和0.54%。不同季节鸟类群落多样性存在一定的差异，物种多样性指数(H')秋季最高，春季最低；物种均匀度指数(J')夏季最高，春季和秋季最低；辛普森多样性指数(D)各季节较为接近。研究结果将为龙港市鸟类资源保护提供一定的参考价值。

Abstract: The line transect and point count methods were performed to investigate the avian species composition and diversity in Longgang City. A total of 185 avian species belonging to 108 genera, 52 families, and 17 orders were recored. Among them, Passeriformes had the greatest number of species, accounting for 41.62% of the total, followed by Charadriiformes (22.16%) and Anseriformes (12.43%). According to the National Key Protected Wild Animals List in China, 32 species were listed, including 6 first-class and 26 second-class protected species. And according to China’s Biodiversity Red List, 2 species were critically endangered, 3 were endangered, and 6 were vulnerable; the IUCN Red List identified 2 as critically endangered, 4 as endangered, and 7 as vulnerable. In terms of ecological guilds, songbirds were the most abundant, comprising 41.62% of the total species, followed by waders (27.57%) and waterfowl (18.92%). The zoogeographical composition was dominated by Palearctic species (60.54%), followed by Oriental species (27.57%) and widespread species (11.89%). Regarding residency types, winter visitors were the most numerous (37.30%), followed by residents (32.97%), migrants (22.70%), summer visitors (6.49%), and vagrants (0.54%). Seasonal variations were observed in avian community diversity: The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was highest in autumn and lowest in spring; the Pielou evenness index (J') peaked in summer and was lowest in spring and autumn; the Simpson diversity index (D) remained relatively stable across seasons. The findings of this study will provide valuable references for the conservation of avian resources in Longgang City.