亚低温治疗新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的研究进展
Research Progress on Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
摘要: 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, HIE)是新生儿脑损伤及死亡的主因，亚低温治疗具有神经保护作用。2022年专家共识明确其临床方案，但其在早产儿和轻度HIE中的应用、时间窗、复温方案及不良反应等存争议。本文综述近年研究，发现亚低温治疗对足月儿及中重度HIE疗效显著，6小时内启动更佳，复温速度影响疗效，且存在心律失常等不良反应。目前研究在早产儿和轻度HIE领域样本量少、质量参差不齐，未来需开展大规模随机对照试验，统一标准，优化方案，探索不良反应机制及精准干预。
Abstract: Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal brain injury and mortality, with therapeutic hypothermia demonstrating neuroprotective effects. While the 2022 expert consensus established standardized clinical protocols, controversies persist regarding its application in preterm infants and mild HIE cases, optimal treatment time windows, rewarming strategies, and adverse effects. This review summarizes recent research indicating that therapeutic hypothermia significantly benefits term infants with moderate-to-severe HIE, with superior outcomes observed when initiated within 6 hours. Rewarming rate critically influences therapeutic efficacy, and adverse reactions such as arrhythmias have been documented. Current studies in preterm infants and mild HIE populations are limited by small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity. Future research necessitates large-scale randomized controlled trials to standardize protocols, optimize treatment parameters, and investigate mechanisms underlying adverse effects for targeted interventions.
文章引用：闫苗, 钟微. 亚低温治疗新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(8): 992-999. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.1582325

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