高中生身体素质与20 m往返跑成绩的关联性研究

Study on the Correlation between High School Students’ Physical Fitness and 20 m Shuttle Run Test

摘要: 目的：探究高中生身体素质与20 m往返跑(20 m Shuttle Run Test, 20 m SRT)成绩的关联，为改善青少年体质健康提供参考借鉴。方法：采用方便抽样法，于2023年9~10月对江西省和河北省上饶、赣州、南昌、吉安、秦皇岛、唐山、承德七地7848名高中生进行问卷调查和20 m SRT测试。运用Spearman两变量相关分析各项身体素质成绩与20 m SRT成绩的相关性。采用限制性立方样条分析不同身体素质指标标准化成绩与20 m SRT-Z值间的关联，运用χ²检验比较高中生20 m SRT水平在不同人口学特征组别间分布差异及其与身体素质水平的关联。使用二元Logistic回归分析推断身体素质水平与20 m SRT水平的关联强度。结果：Spearman和限制性立方样条分析显示男生和女生各项身体素质测试成绩均与20 m SRT成绩存在关联，且不同性别及总体PFI与20 m SRT成绩存在关联(P值 < 0.05)。χ²检验结果显示，20 m SRT水平在高中生性别、年级、户籍所在地、父亲职业、母亲职业、家庭经济水平以及是否独生子女组别间均存在显著性差异(P值均<0.01)。总体20 m SRT水平在握力、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、50 m跑及PFI组别间存在显著性差异(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示，总体20 m SRT水平与握力(OR = 2.39, 95%CI = 2.10~2.72)、立定跳远(OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.37~1.80)、50 m跑(OR = 2.83, 95%CI = 2.56~3.14)及PFI水平(OR = 6.99, 95%CI = 5.99~8.17)呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论：高中生身体素质指标测试成绩与20 m SRT成绩存在关联。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between high school students’ physical fitness and the 20 m Shuttle Run Test (20 m SRT), and provide a reference for improving teenagers’ physical health. Methods: A questionnaire survey and 20 m SRT test were conducted among 7848 high school students in Jiangxi Province and Shangrao, Ganzhou, Nanchang, Ji’an, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan and Chengde of Hebei Province from September to October 2023 by a convenience sampling method. Spearman’s bivariate correlation was used to analyze the correlation between physical fitness scores and 20 m SRT scores. The correlation between standardized scores of different physical fitness indicators and 20 m SRT-Z values was analyzed with restricted cubic splines. The test was used to compare the distribution difference of 20 m SRT level among different demographic groups of high school students and its correlation with physical fitness level. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to infer the strength of the association between physical fitness level and 20 m SRT level. Results: Spearman and restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the physical fitness test scores of male and female students were correlated with 20 m SRT scores, and the PFI of different genders and the overall PFI were correlated with 20 m SRT scores (All P value < 0.05). The test results show that there are significant differences in the 20m SRT level among the gender, grade, place of household registration, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, family economic level and whether the only child of high school students (All P value < 0.01). The overall 20 m SRT level showed significant differences among grip strength, standing long jump, sit-up, 50 m running and PFI groups (All P value < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the overall 20 m SRT level and grip strength (OR = 2.39, 95%CI = 2.10~2.72), standing long jump (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.37~1.80), 50 m running (OR = 2.83, 95%CI = 1.37~1.80), and so on. 95%CI = 2.56~3.14) and PFI level (OR = 6.99, 95%CI = 5.99~8.17) were positively correlated (All P value < 0.01). Conclusion: The physical fitness index test scores of high school students are correlated with 20 m SRT scores.