人工智能及其应用的哲学审思——一个基于胡塞尔哲学的概念批判与可能方案

Philosophical Examination of Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications—A Conceptual Critique and Possible Proposals Based on Husserl’s Philosophy

摘要: 当前，关于人工智能的技术应用正在逐步完善，但依然需要哲学眼光的透视方能使这种动态有长效可持续的逻辑基础。人工智能在古希腊已经有其理性支点，随着近代观念论严谨审慎的理论体系的逐步建构，由此基于物理和心理两种假说而衍生出相应的AI发展路径，从而也就为当前以大数据技术及其应用作为典型提供一定的符号表征演算支撑。然而，大数据技术以其现存的高速进展，难以摆脱现实辩证运动的历史进程，因为其自身的演进如果不介入人本学的资源视角，就会更为隐蔽地将对人的劳动本质的异化的资本逻辑应用下去，而现代逻辑的症候就在于其对人文资源迭代意义的忽视，由此便会陷入程序推演和动态发展的制约悖论之中。如何破除甚或解决这种困境，胡塞尔现象学中的意向性理论能够给出一种现实性的启示方案，即一种以生活世界理论为底层逻辑、推动AI向AGI转换的智能实现通路。此通路的优势在于能够兼具类人类思维能动性和数据处理效率化的双重特性，由此克服技术应用的短期壁垒和剥削特征。

Abstract: Currently, the technological application of artificial intelligence is progressively maturing. However, it still requires philosophical insight to establish a long-term sustainable logical foundation for this dynamic trajectory. The roots of AI trace back to a rational fulcrum in ancient Greece. As the rigorous and prudent theoretical systems of modern idealism gradually took shape, corresponding developmental pathways for AI emerged, derived from dual hypotheses—the physical and the psychological. This evolution has provided symbolic computational representation and operational support for today’s typical applications of Big Data Technology. Nevertheless, Big Data Technology, with its current rapid advancement, struggles to escape the historical dialectical movement of reality. Without incorporating a humanistic perspective on resources, its progress risks more subtly perpetuating the alienating logic of capital against the essence of human labor. The symptomatic flaw of modern logic lies precisely in its neglect of the iterative significance of humanistic resources, thereby leading to a paradoxical constraint between programmatic deduction and dynamic development. To resolve or even overcome this dilemma, Husserl’s phenomenological theory of intentionality offers a practical solution: an intelligence realization pathway grounded in the lifeworld theory, facilitating the transition from AI to AGI. The advantage of this pathway lies in its dual capacity to emulate human cognitive agency while maintaining efficient data processing, thereby overcoming the short-term limitations and exploitative tendencies inherent in technological applications.