阿威罗伊论《王制》——一种亚里士多德式的解读

Averoes on “The Republic”—An Aristotelian Interpretation

摘要: 在对古典政治学问的承继中伊斯兰哲人阿威罗伊的《王制》解读占据着重要位置。凭靠一种亚里士多德氏的重构，阿威罗伊剔除了柏拉图论证中的神话和对话叙事，转而以严肃系统的政治理论探讨德性城邦的实现与灵魂及哲人的关系，而对《王制》中非德性城邦转化的阐述则暗含了阿氏对伊斯兰政治现实的批评。此外，阿威罗伊努力的重要面向——哲学与律法、哲人与先知的关系也构成了这部论注的隐微言辞，哲学的合法性问题借由政治学问的辩护而得以立于律法旁列。

Abstract: In the inheritance of classical political learning, the interpretation of the “The Republic” by the Islamic philosopher Averoes occupies an important position. By means of an Aristotopian reconstruction, Averoes eliminated the myths and dialogue narratives in Plato’s argument and instead explored the relationship between the realization of a virtuous city-state and the soul and the philosopher through a serious and systematic political theory. His exposition of the transformation of a non-virtuous city-state in “The Republic” implies Averoes’ criticism of the political reality of Islam. Furthermore, an important aspect of Averoes’ efforts—the relationship between philosophy and law, and between philosophers and prophets—also constitutes the subtle words of this commentary. The issue of the legitimacy of philosophy is placed beside the law through the defense of political learning.