基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗小儿积滞用药规律研究

Research on the Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Children with Indigestion Based on Data Mining

摘要: 目的：基于数据挖掘技术对中医药治疗小儿积滞进行用药规律的研究，以求获得组方经验，指导临床用药。方法：通过中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库收集从建库到2024年6月中医药治疗小儿积滞的处方，应用Excel软件建立中药数据库并进行频次、性味、归经统计，应用SPSS软件进行关联规则分析和聚类分析。结果：最终纳入处方119首，使用中药178味。统计出现频次 ≥ 15次的高频药物24味，其中出现频次前10依次为陈皮、山楂、茯苓、麦芽、神曲、鸡内金、莱菔子、枳实、连翘、白术。药物四气以温为主，其次为寒；五味以辛、苦为主；归经主要为脾、胃、肺、肝经。关联规则显示，山楂、麦芽、神曲为核心药物，其中“山楂–麦芽”关联程度最高，常用药对有“陈皮–连翘–茯苓”、“莱菔子–连翘–神曲”、“山楂–苍术”等。结论：中医药治疗小儿积滞优势突出，具体体现在以下几点：1) 重视“脾健不在补而在运”，用药健脾消食导滞；2) 强调寒温并重，肝肺二脏与积滞联系密切；3) 治疗主要以保和丸为基础方加减；4) 根据小儿积滞虚、实、热的区别选取不同底方加减治疗。

Abstract: Objective: To study the medication rules of the TCM treatment of children with indigestion based on data mining technology, in order to obtain the prescription experience and guide the clinical medication. Methods: Prescriptions for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of children with indigestion were collected from the establishment of the database to June 2024 through China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. Excel software was used to establish a traditional Chinese medicine database and conduct frequency, taste, and meridian analysis. SPSS software was used for association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Results: 119 prescriptions were screened, and 178 herbs were used. Statistics counted 24 high-frequency drugs with a frequency ≥ 15, among which the top 10 were tangerine peel, crataegi, poria cocos, malt, medicated leaven, ventriculi galli mucosa, semen raphani, fructus aurantii immaturus, fructus forsythiae, and bighead atractylodes rhizome. The properties were mainly warm and cold. The tastes were mainly pungent and bitter. And the drugs mostly entered spleen meridian, stomach meridian, lung meridian, and liver meridian. The correlation rules showed that crataegi, malt, and medicated leaven were the core drugs, with the highest association degree between “crataegi-malt”. Frequently used drug pairs were “tangerine peel-fructus forsythiae-poria cocos”, “semen raphani-fructus forsythiae-medicated leaven”, “crataegi-rhizoma atractylodis”, and so on. Conclusion: The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children with indigestion are outstanding, which are reflected in the following points: 1) Emphasizing “spleen health is not in tonic but in transport”, and using medicine to strengthen the spleen, eliminate food and indigestion; 2) Emphasizing the importance of cold and warmth, and the close connection between liver and lungs and indigestion; 3) Treating the indigestion mainly with Baohe Pill as the basic formula with additions and subtractions; 4) Selecting different base formulas with additions and subtractions treatment according to the difference of children with indigestion in the form of deficiency, solid, and heat.