陕北国企员工代谢性疾病共病现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Metabolic Disease Comorbidity among Employees of State-Owned Enterprises in Northern Shaanxi

摘要: 目的：通过对延安市国企员工体检数据及问卷调查的分析，了解不同国企人群高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病情况及对其影响因素进行分析，为国企员工慢性病的防治提供科学依据。方法：2024年3月~6月，采取多阶段整群抽样的方法，选取延安市十家国企员工为研究对象，进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室监测。使用SPSS 20.0进行χ²检验、多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：参与本研究的3743名国企员工中，高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病率分别为24.6%、9.0%、42.3%，患1、2、3种疾病的患病率分别为41.5%、14.1%、2.1%。单因素Logistic回归分析显示，性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、BMI、行业、心理状况、高血压家族史、喝酒与否、运动与否、吸烟与否是患2种疾病的主要危险因素(均P < 0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示，性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、BMI、心理状况、高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史、运动与否、吸烟与否是患3种疾病的主要危险因素(均P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄 > 40岁、BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²、高血压家族史、SCL心理量表筛查结果为阳性、饮酒是患2种疾病的主要危险因素(均P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄 > 40岁、BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²、高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史、SCL心理量表筛查结果为阳性、吸烟是患3种疾病的主要危险因素(均P < 0.05)。结论：血脂异常的患病率明显高于高血压、糖尿病的患病率，高血压合并血脂异常的患病率明显高于其他合并疾病的患病率。应针对中老年、体重指数较大、有高血压和糖尿病家族史、有吸烟史、心理状况不良等重点人群进行干预。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in different state-owned enterprise populations and analyze their influencing factors through the analysis of physical examination data and questionnaire survey of employees of state-owned enterprises in Yan’an, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of state-owned enterprise employees. Methods: From March to June 2024, employees of 10 state-owned enterprises in Yan’an City were selected as the research subjects by multi-stage cluster sampling method, and questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory monitoring were conducted. SPSS 20.0 was used for χ² test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 3743 employees of state-owned enterprises participating in this study, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia was 24.6%, 9.0% and 42.3%, respectively, and the prevalence of 1, 2 and 3 diseases was 41.5%, 14.1% and 2.1%, respectively. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, education level, marital status, BMI, industry, psychological status, family history of hypertension, drinking alcohol or not, exercise or not, and smoking or not were the main risk factors for the two diseases (both P < 0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, education level, marital status, BMI, psychological status, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, exercise or not, and smoking or not were the main risk factors for the three diseases (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age > 40 years, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m², family history of hypertension, positive screening results of SCL psychological scale, and alcohol consumption were the main risk factor for both diseases (both P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age > 40 years, BMI ≥ 24 kg/m², family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, positive screening results of SCL psychological scale, and smoking were the main risk factors for the three diseases (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is significantly higher than that of hypertension and diabetes, and the prevalence of hypertension complicated with dyslipidemia is significantly higher than that of other comorbid diseases. Interventions should be carried out for key groups such as middle-aged and elderly people, large body mass index, family history of hypertension and diabetes, history of smoking, and poor psychological status.