自动驾驶车路协同地方立法的演进路径与制度创新：从道路测试到商业化应用

Evolutionary Pathway and Institutional Innovation in Local Legislation for Autonomous Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperation: From Road Testing to Commercial Deployment

摘要: 本文探讨了自动驾驶车路协同模式下地方立法的演进路径与制度创新，基于从道路测试到商业化应用的研究，揭示了技术发展与法律规制的动态平衡机制。研究指出，中国地方立法通过“政策试点–经验提炼–立法固化”的三阶段路径，实现了从技术验证到规则迭代的制度创新。具体表现为：深圳通过“监管沙盒”机制确立了系统提供者主责规则；合肥以数据交互规范推动区域政策扩散；杭州通过动态评估条款增强立法弹性。同时，文章分析了自动驾驶立法的核心维度，包括开放型政策环境创设、责任分配机制突破及基础设施标准化协同治理，并指出当前面临的三大挑战：技术迭代与规则稳定性的矛盾、成本分摊与商业化可持续性的冲突、跨区域立法协调难题。最后，提出构建分层级弹性化法律体系、强化跨区域协同、完善公众参与机制等立法建议，为自动驾驶技术的规范化发展提供制度保障。

Abstract: This paper explores the evolutionary pathway and institutional innovations in local legislation for autonomous driving under the vehicle-infrastructure cooperation mode. Based on empirical research spanning from road testing to commercial application, it reveals the dynamic balancing mechanism between technological advancement and legal regulation. The study indicates that Chinese local legislation has achieved institutional innovation transitioning from technological validation to rule iteration through a three-phase pathway: “policy pilot - experience refinement - legislative consolidation.” Key manifestations include Shenzhen establishing the System Provider Liability Rule via a “regulatory sandbox” mechanism; Hefei driving regional policy diffusion through data interaction standards; and Hangzhou enhancing legislative flexibility via dynamic evaluation clauses. The paper further analyzes core dimensions of autonomous driving legislation, encompassing the creation of an open policy environment, breakthroughs in liability allocation mechanisms, and standardized infrastructure governance. It identifies three major challenges: the tension between rapid technological iteration and regulatory stability, conflicts in cost-sharing and commercial sustainability, and difficulties in cross-regional legislative coordination. Finally, it proposes legislative recommendations including constructing a multi-tiered adaptive legal framework, strengthening cross-regional collaboration, and improving public participation mechanisms, thereby providing institutional safeguards for the standardized development of autonomous driving technology.