父母育儿压力与儿童社会适应问题的关系：亲子冲突的中介作用

The Relationship between Parenting Stress and Children’s Social Adjustment Problems: The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Conflict

摘要: 父母育儿压力与亲子冲突对儿童社会适应问题具有重要影响。为探讨父母育儿压力、亲子冲突与儿童社会适应问题三者之间的关系，本研究通过区域取样，选取贵州省贵阳市区六所幼儿园的320名儿童及其父母作为研究对象，采用简式育儿压力量表、亲子关系量表和儿童社会能力与行为评价量表进行问卷调查。结果显示，父母育儿压力可以正向预测儿童社会适应问题；亲子冲突在父母育儿压力与儿童社会适应问题之间起到部分中介作用；父母在育儿压力评分上无显著差异；性别在儿童社会适应问题的外化维度上存在显著差异，其中男性儿童的外化问题得分更高，而在内化维度上无显著差异。父母应重视自身育儿压力与亲子关系对学前儿童发展的潜在影响，主动调节自身压力，积极与儿童建立正确的依恋关系，从而提高幼儿社会适应能力。

Abstract: Parenting stress and parent-child conflict significantly impact children’s social adjustment problems. To investigate the relationships among parenting stress, parent-child conflict, and children’s social adjustment problems, this study employed a regional sampling method, selecting 320 children and their parents from 6 kindergartens in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province as participants. Surveys were conducted using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS), and the Child Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE). The results indicated that: Parenting stress positively predicted children’s social adjustment problems; Parent-child conflict partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and children’s social adjustment problems; No significant difference was found in parenting stress scores between mothers and fathers; Significant gender differences existed in the externalizing dimension of children’s social adjustment problems, with boys scoring higher on externalizing problems than girls, while no significant gender difference was found in the internalizing dimension. Parents should be aware of the potential impact of their own parenting stress and parent-child relationships on preschool children’s development, take initiative to manage their stress, and actively establish secure attachment relationships with their children to enhance children’s social adjustment abilities.