中医药治疗腰椎管狭窄术后疼痛的研究进展

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

摘要: 本文梳理了中医药在腰椎管狭窄症术后疼痛管理中的应用现状与作用机制。腰椎管狭窄症术后疼痛的发生受患者自身因素、手术操作因素及术后管理因素的共同影响，而中医药凭借其多靶点、整体调节的优势，通过中药复方、针灸、推拿及中药外治法等多种手段，在抗炎镇痛、改善微循环、促进神经修复及调节生物力学方面展现出显著疗效。然而，现有研究仍存在样本量小、缺乏多中心长期随访及分子机制研究不深入等局限性。未来应开展多中心大样本研究，结合现代技术深入解析作用机制，建立标准化疗效评价体系，推动中医药在腰椎管狭窄术后疼痛管理中的精准化应用。

Abstract: This study systematically reviews the current application status and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the postoperative pain management of lumbar spinal stenosis. The occurrence of postoperative pain in lumbar spinal stenosis is influenced by the patient’s own factors, surgical operation factors, and postoperative management factors. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its advantages of multi-target and overall regulation, shows significant efficacy through various means such as herbal compound prescriptions, acupuncture, massage, and external application of traditional Chinese medicine in anti-inflammatory analgesia, improving microcirculation, promoting nerve repair, and regulating biomechanics. However, existing studies still have limitations such as small sample size, lack of multi-center long-term follow-up, and insufficient in-depth research on molecular mechanisms. In the future, multi-center large sample studies should be conducted, combined with modern technology to deeply analyze the mechanism of action, establish a standardized efficacy evaluation system, and promote the precise application of traditional Chinese medicine in the postoperative pain management of lumbar spinal stenosis.