基于需求分析的预防医学专业医学遗传学实验课程改革探讨

Reform of the Medical Genetics Experimental Course for Preventive Medicine Majors Based on Needs Analysis

摘要: 医学遗传学实验课是预防医学专业学生掌握遗传学理论与技术的重要实践环节。本研究通过问卷调查分析预防医学专业学生对医学遗传学实验课程的需求，探讨课程改革的优化方向。结果显示，学生普遍认可实验课的重要性(平均分3.92)，偏好教师讲解与小组实操(78%和73%)，并希望增设设计性实验(50%支持)。此外，实验设备(84%)和实验材料(71%)的改进需求突出，同时学生倾向于结合公共卫生应用的实验内容(如环境遗传毒性研究)。与临床专业相比，预防医学学生更注重科研能力培养和群体遗传学实践，89%的学生愿意参与科研项目。基于此，建议从教学内容、教学方法、考核机制及资源建设等方面进行改革，突出预防医学特色，强化实践与科研能力，以满足专业培养目标。本研究为医学遗传学实验课程的精准化改革提供了依据。

Abstract: The medical genetics laboratory course is a crucial practical component for students in preventive medicine to master genetic theories and techniques. This study analyzed the needs of preventive medicine students regarding the medical genetics laboratory curriculum through a questionnaire survey and explored optimization strategies for course reform. The results showed that students generally recognized the importance of the laboratory course (average score: 3.92), preferred instructor-led demonstrations and group hands-on training (78% and 73%, respectively), and supported the addition of inquiry-based experiments (50% approval). Additionally, there was a significant demand for improvements in laboratory equipment (84%) and materials (71%), while students favored experiments integrating public health applications (e.g., genetic toxicity studies of environmental pollutants). Compared to clinical students, preventive medicine students placed greater emphasis on research skill development and population genetics practice, with 89% willing to participate in research projects. Based on these findings, reforms in teaching content, instructional methods, assessment mechanisms, and resource development are recommended to enhance the course’s alignment with preventive medicine objectives, emphasizing practical and research competencies. This study provides a foundation for targeted reforms in medical genetics laboratory education.