企业信息化过程中的数据权属界定和法律保护研究

Research on the Definition of Data Ownership and Legal Protection in the Process of Enterprise Informatization

摘要: 随着数字技术的迅猛发展与数字应用的广泛普及，人类社会积累的数据种类、规模及其经济、社会和政治价值的挖掘与应用，正以前所未有的方式加速扩张。数据已经从单纯作为事实或信息的载体，转变为数字时代的资源和资产，甚至被定义为生产要素。关于企业数据权属问题，主要拟解决企业数据的权利属性和企业数据权的主体客体两方面内容，在对相关概念进行厘清的基础上，对于企业数据应该界定为哪种权利和存在的主要困境及其造成困境的原因进行分析。一方面，考虑到从不同主体的合理诉求出发，明确企业数据权属的界定要遵循一定的原则，同时，建议立法明确企业数据财产权的保护模式，明确企业数据财产权的主体是法人与非法人组织，客体范围是原始数据和衍生数据，以及企业对于原始数据和衍生数据的权利内容及权利限制。

Abstract: With the rapid development of digital technology and the widespread popularization of digital applications, the types and scale of data accumulated by human society, as well as the exploitation and application of its economic, social, and political values, are expanding at an unprecedented rate. Data has transformed from being merely a carrier of facts or information to a resource and asset in the digital era, even being defined as a production factor. Regarding the issue of enterprise data ownership, it mainly aims to address two aspects: the nature of rights over enterprise data and the subject-object relationship of such rights. Based on clarifying related concepts, we should analyze which kind of right enterprise data should be defined as, the major dilemmas that exist, and the reasons for these dilemmas. On the one hand, considering the reasonable demands of different subjects, it is necessary to clarify that the definition of enterprise data ownership should follow certain principles. Meanwhile, it is recommended that legislation should clarify the protection model for enterprise data property rights, specifying that the subject of enterprise data property rights is legal and non-legal persons, the scope of the object covers original data and derived data, as well as the content and limitations of the rights of enterprises over original data and derived data.