农村电商对城乡收入差距的影响及路径研究

Research on the Impact and Pathways of Rural E-Commerce on the Urban-Rural Income Gap

摘要: 本研究以共同富裕为视角，系统考察了农村电子商务发展对城乡收入差距的影响效应及作用路径。通过对2021~2025年全国农村电商发展最新数据的描述性统计分析，结合政策文本和文献综述法，揭示了农村电商通过促进农民增收、优化农村产业结构、提升农业专业化水平等多重路径缩小城乡收入差距的内在机制。研究发现，农村电商发展水平与城乡收入差距呈显著负相关，尤其在东部和中部地区效果更为明显；然而，区域发展不平衡、人才短缺和农产品标准化不足等问题仍制约其效应的充分发挥。基于此，本文提出了差异化区域发展策略、完善基础设施、加强人才培养等政策建议，以进一步释放农村电商在促进城乡共同富裕中的潜力。

Abstract: From the perspective of common prosperity, this study systematically examines the impact of rural e-commerce development on the urban-rural income gap and its underlying mechanisms. Through descriptive statistical analysis of the latest national rural e-commerce development data from 2021 to 2025, combined with policy text analysis and literature review methodology, this paper reveals the intrinsic pathways through which rural e-commerce narrows the income disparity, including increasing farmers’ income, optimizing rural industrial structures, and enhancing agricultural specialization. The findings indicate a significant negative correlation between rural e-commerce development and the urban-rural income gap, with particularly pronounced effects in eastern and central China. However, challenges such as regional imbalances, talent shortages, and insufficient standardization of agricultural products still constrain its full potential. Based on these insights, this study proposes policy recommendations, including differentiated regional development strategies, infrastructure improvement, and talent cultivation, to further unlock the role of rural e-commerce in promoting common prosperity between urban and rural areas.