不同工况下机床双主轴共轴进给耦合变形分析

Coupling Deformation Analysis of Dual Spindle in Coaxial Feed of Machine Tools under Different Working Conditions

摘要: 本文针对双主轴机床在不同工况下的热力耦合变形及其沿共轴行程变化的问题，以龙门式双主轴数控机床为研究对象，通过分析其不同工况下的热载荷和力载荷，求解其热力耦合变形，并研究双主轴沿共轴行程上的变形规律，得出以下结论：随着转速的增加以及切削深度的减小，双主轴的最大耦合变形量逐渐增加，而最小耦合变形量逐渐减小，Y轴上同一位置的左右轴Z向耦合变形逐渐增大，左右轴Z向耦合变形差值误差逐渐降低；随着双主轴部件沿Y轴由左向右进给时，左轴Z向耦合变形呈由小变大的趋势，右轴Z向耦合变形呈由大变小的趋势，左右轴Z向耦合变形差值误差先变小，再变大，位于中间位置时最小。获取双主轴不同工况下的热力耦合变形及其沿共轴行程的变化规律对提升双主轴数控机床加工精度具有重要意义。

Abstract: This article focuses on the thermal mechanical coupling deformation and its variation in coaxial feed of dual spindle machine tools under different working conditions. The gantry type dual spindle CNC machine tool is taken as the research object. By analyzing the thermal and force loads under different working conditions, the thermal mechanical coupling deformation is solved, and the deformation law in coaxial feed of the dual spindle is studied. The following conclusions are drawn: as the speed increases and the cutting depth of the dual spindle decreases, the maximum coupling deformation gradually increases, while the minimum coupling deformation gradually decreases. The Z-direction coupling deformation of the left and right spindle at the same position on the Y-axis gradually increases, and the difference error of the Z-direction coupling deformation of the left and right spindle gradually decreases; As the dual spindle component is fed from left to right along the Y-axis, the coupling deformation in the Z-axis direction of the left spindle shows a trend of increasing from small to large, and the coupling deformation in the Z-axis direction of the right spindle shows a trend of decreasing from large to small. The difference error in the coupling deformation in the Z-axis direction of the left and right spinde first decreases and then increases, reaching its minimum at the middle position. Obtaining the thermal thermal mechanical coupling deformation of dual spindle under different working conditions and its variation in coaxial feed is of great significance for improving the machining accuracy of dual spindle CNC machine tools.