类似必要共同诉讼的理论厘清与引入路径

Theoretical Clarification and Introduction Path of Similar Necessary Joint Litigatio

摘要: 针对必要共同诉讼长期失范的司法现状，我国关于引入类似必要共同诉讼的呼声日盛。然而，受限于理论基础薄弱以及功能主义导向的背景，学界对该诉讼类型的适用存在一定认知偏差，类似必要共同诉讼存在扩张适用的风险，故亟需溯源德日等成文法系理论及制度，在厘清程序原理的基础上反思类似必要共同诉讼的引入路径。对此，首先需完善其构建基础，通过放宽普通共同诉讼标准，从而限缩必要共同诉讼范围，重构共同诉讼制度，并系统构建与完善既判力理论及合一确定理论，为制度构建提供理论支撑。继而通过明晰其适用范围、完善内部关系处理规则及当事人追加制度等路径，构建制度运行的规范框架。

Abstract: In light of the long-term judicial disorder of necessary joint litigation, there is a growing call in China for the introduction of similar necessary joint litigation. However, due to the weak theoretical foundation and the background of functionalism orientation, there are cognitive deviations in the academic circle regarding the application of this type of litigation, and there is a risk of over-expansion of similar necessary joint litigation. Therefore, it is urgent to trace back to the theories and systems of civil law countries such as Germany and Japan, and to reflect on the introduction path of similar necessary joint litigation on the basis of clarifying the procedural principles. To this end, it is first necessary to improve its construction foundation, by relaxing the standards of ordinary joint litigation to narrow the scope of necessary joint litigation, and to reconstruct the joint litigation system. At the same time, a systematic construction and improvement of the theory of res judicata and the theory of unified determination should be carried out to provide theoretical support for the system construction. Subsequently, through clarifying its application scope, improving the rules for handling internal relations and the party addition system, a normative framework for the operation of the system should be constructed.